Lyndon B. W. Brand And Lbj s Written By Robert Dallek

When we were first assigned to read select pages from Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and his Times, as well as Reagan, the Life, I believed that I had a solid foundation in the history of these two men and their presidencies. I did not expect to learn a whole lot more about these presidents. However, throughout the reading of the two biographies, I found myself discovering more and more about these men, their personal lives, their accomplishments, and much more I never knew about them. These biographies, Reagan’s written by H. W. Brands and LBJ’s written by Robert Dallek, dive deep into each president’s backgrounds, and into their years in office. Each of these presidents was faced with matters of national and global concern during their†¦show more content†¦Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty also stemmed from his passing of landmark bills to achieve his Great Society. LBJ was a fine president who did innumerable things while in office to help the Amer ican people; However, with every man comes flaws. For LBJ, these flaws can be seen more in his personal life than through his policy making as President. Lyndon B. Johnson was an intimidating man, and was used to making things go according to his plan. He generally would do anything possible to make what he wanted happen, and would sometimes use immoral tactics to do so. The â€Å"Johnson Treatment† as it was named, was Johnson’s most popular tactic of intimidation. He would tower over whomever he was speaking, using intimidating words and well as physical contact to get what he wanted from them. His time in the House, Senate, and White House were all filled with this type of behavior to make things get done his way. Although his time spent in political office was marked with scandal, and sometimes immoral tactics, overall Lyndon B. Johnson did many great things for the American people and this country. His influence as president from 1963-1969 can still be felt to thi s day, and Robert Dallek does an excellent job of detailing these successes in Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and his Times. On the other hand,

The Examination of Complicated Relationships between The...

Author of many children’s books, Karen Mueller Coombs has illustrated that, â€Å"often the right path is the one that may be hardest for you to follow. But the hardest path is the one that will make you grow as a human being† (â€Å"Karen Mueller Coombs†, 2013). This statement explains how regardless of what circumstances or experiences a person goes through in life, an individual’s character will grow and evolve. This concept is demonstrated in The Kite Runner and The Flying Troutmans. Both main characters display that despite being brought up in different situations, their past choices evolve their characters. Their family complications are decreased and their family foundation becomes stronger. In The Kite Runner, Amir is a young Pashtun boy†¦show more content†¦Even though Hattie has always felt unwelcomed by her sister since birth, she continues to try to rebuild their relationship. This is evident at the hospital when Hattie leaves Paris to comfort her niece and nephew while her sister is ill. Hattie demonstrates selflessness by putting her own life on the back burner to take her niece and nephew on a road trip to find their father. â€Å"You, me, Thebie, we’re going on a road trip, I said. We’re gonna look for Cherkis† (The Flying Troutmans, pg.52). These examples demonstrate Hattie’s devotion to strengthen the relationship in her family. Both novels provide notable progression of characters becoming more selfless and caring towards others. Both Amir and Hattie have many of the same characteristics, one being selflessness. Like Hattie, Amir also experienced moments of selflessness as a child. This is evident when Amir included his Hazara slave, Hassan, to participate with him in the kite running tournament. Amir considered Hassan as an equal, despite the cultural differences and the potential of social backlash. Assef said, â€Å"†¦you’re bothering me more than this Hazara her e. How can you talk to him, play with him, let him touch you?† (The Kite Runner, pg. 44). Like Hattie as an adult, in order to strengthen the relationship with his newfound nephew, Amir sacrifices his newly adjusted life in America to adopt Sohrab from the atrocious conditions in Afghanistan. Amir

Childhood Cancer Clusters in California’s Central Valley Free Essays

Childhood Cancer Clusters in California’s Central Valley Case report :Sakshi Arora March 22, 2012 This case study examines childhood cancers in agricultural communities of Mc Farland and Earlimart from 1978 to 1995. According to the local residents of these communities the main reason for cancer is contamination through pesticide in the agricultural farms which is the major source of employment for the residents of the community. McFarland is a small community in Kern County, with the population of about 6200, located at the southern end of California’s San Joaquin Valley. We will write a custom essay sample on Childhood Cancer Clusters in California’s Central Valley or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are the main source of cotton and Almond in the area. Census Data of 1980 revealed that 40 percent of the population is less than 18 years of age. Main source of employment of the population is the farms with the annual income of merely $4300. Due to the limited source of income they were incapable of having health insurance of themselves and the kids. it has been observed that since1978 to 1990, 14 children in McFarland have childhood cancer which is four times the expected rate. The cancers were of many different types including liver, kidney, eye, adrenal glands, and bone. By 1992, five of the children had died. The families of Mcfarland were disturbed and are in pain due to increasing numbers of the victims. Earlimart is another small farming community located in southern Tulare County about 15 miles north of McFarland in the San Joaquin Valley. Child population of the area is one-third of the adult population. It is surrounded by vineyards. In 1989, the United Farm Workers union uncovered a second cluster of twelve childhood cancers in Earlimart among children of farm workers. Study of Dr. Marion Moses, a medical consultant for the union, revealed that the cancers occurred in area is 12 times higher than estimated numbers. All the victims were not of same kind. Some of them had leukemia where some died of lymphoma or kidney cancer. â€Å"In adults, when you get different types of cancer, then most of the time it is not a Cluster,† It as really shocking as Cancer is rare disease in children, the main thought of question arise about the increasing number ignoring the type of cancer. According to the residents, pesticides are the main cause of increasing number of child death rate in the area. Mcfarland and Earlimart are small communities who are not engaged in lot of activities. Victim’s parents have been examined and most of them reported it is caused by pesticides whereas some residents living have reporte d that no such incident has been observed in their families. Their main occupation is agriculture in the farms where pesticide is being used. They have reported contamination of water is also one of the reasons for the cancer. The case unfolds the number of cases which happened with the people throughout the period. They also reported that in spite of informing the harmful effect of the pesticides to their boss . To which no action has been taken instead their interference in such matter would a reason of them to be fired from the job. The figures of The California Department of Food and Agriculture revealed that there are more than 1,200 cases in California alone in 1986 based on worker compensation records. Nationwide, one estimate calculated as many as 313,000 pesticide-related illnesses among farm worker each year. Dr. Marion Moses, a San Francisco physician active with farm worker groups and a member of the pesticide advisory committee of the Environmental Protection Agency said the main reason for cancer deaths has direct relationship with the pesticides being used in given county. In 1984, after the discovery of the cancer cluster in McFarland, United Farm Workers, Began a boycott on five chemicals being used on the crop such as phosdrin, captan, dinoseb, methyl bromide, and parathion which were found the main reason for situation. Concerned citizen groups from McFarland asked Kern County officials to look into the cancer cluster in their community. Within the year the investigation took over of California department of health services. After five years of their investigation on the area they came up with the conclusion that pesticide is not the reason for the cancer deaths in the area affected. despite of all the researches they were unable to find the specific cause for the situation. on the other hand farmers were confident about the reason for the same. They felt abandoned by the government as they didn’t see and drop of hope. Numbers have been significantly increasing every year. After years of study on the area department of health services decide d to stop their study as they didn’t determine the cause for the new cases of cancer every year. Proposition 65, officially known as the â€Å"Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act,†. It is based on the premise that the public and workers have a right to be informed about exposures to chemicals that are known to the state to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm. According the proposition list of chemicals has been maintained with its effects to the people. According to the proposition it is the responsibility of the business to inform its employees, clearly about the effects of such materials used in the process. It should be reasonably defined. Also 20months after the pesticide is listed business must not knowingly discharge the waste material into soil or water. The State hazard communication program requires that, whenever employees are working in treated fields or handling pesticides, the employer must display Pesticide Safety Information Series (PSIS) leaflet A-9 (â€Å"Pesticide Safety Rules for Farmworkers â€Å"), PSIS A-8 (â€Å"Safety Rules for Pesticide Handlers on Farms), or PSIS N-8 (â€Å"Safety Rules for Pesticide Handlers in Non-Agricultural Settings â€Å") at the work site or at a central location where workers gather. The State hazard communication program requires that, whenever employees are working in treated fields or handling pesticides, the employer must display Pesticide Safety Information Series (PSIS) leaflet A-9 (â€Å"Pesticide Safety Rules for Farmworkers â€Å"), PSIS A-8 (â€Å"Safety Rules for Pesticide Handlers on Farms), or PSIS N-8 (â€Å"Safety Rules for Pesticide Handlers in Non-Agricultural Settings â€Å") at the work site or at a central location where workers gather. As the information gathered from the case report workers have not been informed about any of the above hazards of health. Also it is strange to observe that pesticides being used in the farms also listed in the list of chemicals under prop 65 which were hazardous are not been informed to the farmers. Also investigations done by the agency didn’t reveal the fact that the pesticides the main cause for the cancer in the area. Under prop 65 list of chemical it is clearly stated pesticide phosdrin causes cancer. I don’t hink the research on the contamination water, air and soil was done properly as none of the facts mentioned under prop 65 has been revealed. Neither list of chemicals has been listed by the farm owners to inform to the workers about the hazardous pesticides in the farm nor the researches revealed the facts. All these researches have been done but victim parents did not got any justice. Since they are poor they got no choice but to live on those farms to earn their living and lost their family members just like that. From 1978to 1990 the people suffered, 28 died . California department of health services took samples for examination, tested soil and air but result were not noticeable. They were only be able to analyses the situation today but couldn’t do anything for the innocent people died in last 12 years. Question arises from this study in the mind as to why this facts were not being examined after years of research by the state and county officials? Were they biased in making a decision? Although lot of research took place in the area but nothing proved fruitful and the mystery remained unsolved by the health department. Since 1992 no case has been examined but the above time period mentioned couldn’t reveal the facts of the history. Sources: Case report retrieved from http://www. law. stanford. edu/publications/casestudies/case_abstracts/ Pesticide and proposition 65 retrieved from http://www. cdpr. ca. gov/docs/dept/factshts/prop65. htm How to cite Childhood Cancer Clusters in California’s Central Valley, Essay examples

Example of a Recording Contract free essay sample

Company to produce Master Recordings of the Artists performances and market these Master Recordings. D. The Company wishes to produce and market the Master Recordings subject to the following terms and conditions Terms and Conditions 1 . The Term of this Agreement starts during the initial period of Insert Date during which the Artist and the Company will cooperate to produce Master Recordings suitable for the production of the Album or PEP and will continue for twelve months after the delivery of the Master Recording to allow the Company time o manufacture, market and distribute the product in the Territory. . The Company has the right to extend the Term of Agreement after the Initial Contract Period on the same terms In conditions as the Initial Contract Period. If the Company falls to exercise its option to renew an Optional Period the agreement will be deemed to be completed and fulfilled. 3. With any additional option periods and extensions the Company will relate these as periods referred toast additional Terms Production 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Example of a Recording Contract or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The company agrees to Produce Master Recordings consisting of songs written ND performed by the Artist. The resulting recording will include music of not less than 3 minutes in playing duration and will consist of not less than 12 tracks, and will be of a quality which Is at least equal to Industry standard for commercial distribution 5. Each Recording made will be subject to the Companys approval for manufacture and sale of industry standards. The artist agrees to re-record a record Exclusivity 6. The Artist will not re-record, remix, reproduce, manufacture or distribute or make available or allow to be made available in any manner any of the recordings or impositions generated under this agreement within 3 months after the termination of this agreement. Costs 7. The Company will pay for all the recording costs that are reasonable and generally accepted in the industry including, but not limited to, cost of producer, arranger, studio time, background musicians, as well as reasonable costs related to Album cover art, production and promotion.Selection Control 8. Selections in the agreement will be chosen in the Joint discretion of the Artist and Company. The Artist may submit material at all times. Copyright 9. The Company and parties authorized by the company will have the right to secure copyright in the Companys name as owner and author on any and all Master Recordings made under this Agreement and to renew such copyright in the Companys name in perpetuity.Distribution 10. The Company will have the exclusive rights to control over the distribution, promotion, and use of the Master Recordings throughout the Territory. Royalties 1 1 . The Company will endeavor to enter into a distribution agreement in order to commercially exploit the Recordings made under this agreement. The Company will collect the royalties and licensing fees with respect to the distribution of the recordings.

Interest-Free Banking and Islamic Banking in Nigeria free essay sample

Interest-free Banking and Islamic Banking in Nigeria By: Salim Salihu Muhammed Nigeria’s quest for a virile banking reform had led to the adoption of several policies and strategies that would truly give the nation’s economy an edge towards growth and sustainability. No doubt, the bail outs of â€Å"failed banks† and the acquisition of toxic assets from bad banks’ books did saved the economy and Nigerians to a large extent from such kind of economic blows suffered in the Scandinavian banking crises.Without minding words as a follow up to an earlier publication, Zero Interest Banking in Nigeria: Identifying a Sustainable Module, I still emphasis on the identification of an achievable element for an Interest-free Banking System as well as supporting it to its plausible fullest, rather than introducing religious sentiments or interest that could harm the Nigerian financial sector. Less I forget in a hurry, do the Nigeria’s economic policy fault finders understand what Interest-free Banking entails? It is true that the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) had emphasized on its readiness to establish or give licence to banks wishing to operate Interest-free Banking system (which is popularly known by many as Islamic Banking because of its tandem with Islamic jurisdictions and beliefs that prevent dealings in interest (Riba) or usury). We will write a custom essay sample on Interest-Free Banking and Islamic Banking in Nigeria or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is also true that the Apex Bank has the jurisdiction, as provided in its Act to allow such financial or banking practice; but what should not be seen as true is the perceivers’ believe that the CBN’s policy was meant to enforce Islam or Shari’ah on Nigerians or construed as a personal agenda of the Apex Bank’s Chief. For the avoidance of doubts, as it were with conventional commercial banks, Interest-free banking system has its inherent pros and cons which affects the Muslims and non-Muslims alike.A first glance of how Interest-free banking system operates could set a pace of reasonable understanding to its fault finders. The bank is operated by, and has Muslims and non-Muslims customers; its lending principle is based on the belief that the provider of capital and the user of capital should equally share the risk of business ventures. Translated into banking terms, the depositor, the bank and the borrower should all share the risks and the rewards of f inancing business ventures.However, Nigeria as well as any other country wishing to practice Interest-free banking system may design a module that fit its economy, so far that its applications does not go contrary to the Islamic jurisdictions of Riba or interest, the use of money and capital; and also, identify the key challenges facing the model such as the dearth of knowledge, skills and technical capacity to regulate, supervise, or operate non interest banks. Also, higher quality personnel with experience in project management and Islamic jurisprudence are required for financing and marketing activities.Interestingly, the flexible nature of Islamic finance provides enormous opportunities; it has positive and far-reaching impact for the Nigerian economy. The interest-free banking principle in Islam allows only one kind of loan and that is qard-el-hassan (literally good loan) whereby the lender does not charge any interest or additional amount over the money lent. In conventional terms, it means a bank will not change interest on loan or stipulate a certain amount to be paid back together with the loan given. What is more?The lender (the bank) also shares in the profits or losses arising out of the enterprise for which the money was lent. Islam encourages the economy of wealth redistribution; customers (Depositors) are thus encouraged to invest their money and to become partners in order to share profits and risks in the business instead o f becoming creditors. This is unlike the interest-based commercial banking system, where all the pressure is on the borrower: he must pay back his loan, with the agreed interest, regardless of the success or failure of his venture. The present day multi-rich Nigerians can hoard money, thereby limiting or eliminating the purchasing power of money. This practice have negatively marred the efforts at keeping inflation at bay, as this idle money are not utilized in economic events that could improve the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) over time. Under the Islamic Banking system, human effort, initiative, and risk involved in a productive venture are more important than the money used to finance it. Customers are encouraged to purchase and are discouraged from keeping money idle so that, for instance, hoarding money is regarded as being unacceptable.This purchasing power (money) cannot be used to make more purchasing power (money) without undergoing the intermediate step of it being used for the purchase of goods and services. Although the system encourages customer to purchase, it also prohibits or discourage investment in practices and products that are considered forbidden. The Apex Bank could make policies for the financial system and operators, as much as it is provided by enabling laws, the country’s Constitution, the Bank and Other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA) and other relevant financial laws. We must understand that the country’s Assembly need not pass a bill for the proposed banking system (Interest-free banking), which is a product of CBN, to take effect if the listed legal provisions and other careful indices are put in place to make the system meet the economic objective for which it is meant for. All that is needed is a careful and extensive capacity building through collaboration among various stakeholders to develop cognate expertise in non-interest banking, development of an adequate regulatory and supervisory framework for the effective operation of non-interest banking in Nigeria.As it stands, it is fair to say that Interest-free banking system and Islamic banking system refers to the same policy as they operates in line to the provisions and jurisdictions of the Islamic Shari’ah system; nevertheless, it does not connotes a means of enthroning control over the sovereignty of Nigeria but a mere banking policy aimed at salvaging the country’s financial system as seen to be practiced in the United Kingdom, America and parts of Europe. In many countries where series of financial crisis had led to the implementation of monetary and financial policies, the adoption of an Interest-free regime was considered.London is the leading Islamic banking centre in the West, HSBC, Lloyds TSB, and Citigroup have opened Islamic banking units and branches throughout England. Middle Eastern Islamic banks have also set up shop in the United Kingdom (UK). These banks also targeted non-Muslims with the message that their services are ethically superior to those of the West, pushing the idea that interest – and capitalism – is unethical and should be replaced in Europe by the Islamic financial model; patronage by non-Muslims have received a continuous increase in the UK. Wasn’t England the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution and creator of the common law, the most successful and equitable legal system in history? One thing I must emphasis here is, any bank, be it Islamic or conventional, risks running losses if it does not charge some form of interest; Islamic banks circumvent this danger by extending a type of Islamic â€Å"credit† that shifts risk to the borrower in a manner similar to interest. In the UK Islamic Banking model, the banks’ Shari’ah boards legitimate the charges by renaming them â€Å"commissions† or â€Å"profits. Some of us could be wondering why Islamic banks could remain profitable – or ideologically influential – if they complied with the Qur’anic injunction again interest. An Islamic bank is no different. It must partake in the money creation business. And it must therefore fix its financial rate of return at the outset in most of its business. Thats why Islamic bank ing cannot succeed in being Islamic, at least, not in the way that we understand the terms â€Å"banking† and â€Å"Islamic† today. Islamic finance is not a product to be offered to a niche market. It is a system. It must be promoted and implemented as a system as did the UK. Nigeria could buy from the West, especially with the United States’ strategy in understanding the system and how US Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Robert M. Kimmitt showed the world that the U. S. was interested in learning more about Islamic finance through holding an Islamic Finance 101 course in Washington to educate government officials on its ins and outs. Whatever the system that the Apex Bank deems fit to aid in strengthening the banking reforms, it is left for the customers and Nigerians to decide on which financial product to explore. As it stands today with Nigeria’s conventional banks increasing minimum cash balance in savings (deposit) accounts to N25,000. 00 and thereabout, the Islamic Banking could be a succour towards Sustaining Competition in Banking Reforms for a surviving economy whose average citizens earns far less than N18. 000. 00 per month. Salim Salihu Muhammed [emailprotected] com

A Comaprison Of Freud And Fromm Essays - Freudian Psychology

A Comaprison Of Freud And Fromm Essays - Freudian Psychology A Comaprison Of Freud And Fromm Sigmund Freud was born in Monrovia on May 6,1856. He entered the University of Vienna in 1873 at the age of 17. He finished his degree in 1881. Freud died in England in 1939. He was an active therapist, theorist and writer to the very end. ( Ewen 19-20) Erich Fromm was born four years after Freud in 1900 in Frankfurt, Germany. Unlike Freud, Fromm had no medical training in his background. He received his PHD from the University of Heidelberg and later studied at Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. Erich Fromm died March 16, 1980 in Switzerland. (Ewen 187) While Freud and Fromm were contemporaries and shared some basic beliefs, their approach to most issues varied greatly. Freuds attitude was purely scientific. Fromm desired to humanize things. Fromm accepted the importance of unconscious, biological drives, repression and defense mechanisms, but rejected Freuds theory of id, ego and superego. Fromm did not believe in specific developmental stages. He believed that the growing child slowly learns to distinguish between I and not I, through contact with the environment, notably those involving the parents.(Ewen 194) Fromm contends that personality development continues into adulthood. He believes that if a child keeps up with the increasing feelings of isolation, that anxiety can be kept to a minimal and personality development proceeds normally. Freuds well-known theory is that the personality is determined during the first five years of life. He believes we proceed through a series of psychosexual stages: oral, anal, urethral, phallic, a latency period and genital. Freud contends that the genital stage is the goal of normal development and that it represents true maturity. ( Hansen 25-26) Fromm warns against pathogenic behavior because it can damage the childs sense of reliance. He believed healthy personality is illustrated by biophilia, love, creativity and reason. ( Ewen 195-196) These characteristics compromise the productive frame of orientation. The nonproductive frames include narcissism, necrophilia, dependence, compulsive strivings for power or wealth and the mechanisms of escape. Fromm had four other nonproductive orientations that he devoted a great deal of attention to. These were receptive, exploitative, hoarding and marketing. Three of these orientations can be loosely compared to Freuds oral-dependent, oral-sadistic and anal character without the sexual implications. Freud and Fromm both believed that dreams are the royal road to the unconscious. ( Ewen 198) Fromm agreed with Freud that dreams could serve the purpose of wish fulfillment, that the days events set them off, and that a person may conceal truths in different ways. While both men believed in dream symbols, Freud believed most dreams involved childhood sexual impulses and Fromm regarded many symbols as asexual. Fromm believed that dreams could have obvious and undisguised meanings that did not have to involve childhood conflicts. To understand Fromms approach to clinical diagnosis, his theory of character must first be understood. His theory of character development was that humans are distinguished from other animals by a larger neocortex with fewer instincts. Character shapes human instinct. Human survival is not merely a matter of physical survival, humans are social animals who must relate to others, and they are spiritual animals who must infuse their lives with meaning in order to function. Humans require a sense of hope to keep from turning off. They also require caring adults in the early years to be teachers that teach them to control their fears and passions and live in harmony with others. Religion both sacred and secular can give meaning to life and give a sense of identity and rootness. Fromm accepted Freuds definition of mental health saying that it is the capacity for love and productive work. Fromm also agreed with Freud in saying that psychopathology represents a difference in degree, rather than in kind. Fromm states that besides pathogenic behaviors that neurosis is often caused by the culture in which one lives. He says that neurosis consists of a conflict between two opposing forces. Which is when our healthy innate drives toward self-realization and independence are blocked by parental or societal influences. Freud states that neurosis invariably begins in infancy and childhood, however it may not become evident until much later in life. Some causes of neurosis is a lack of physical affection, overindulgence or

Intro to business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Intro to business - Assignment Example Secondly, the difference between home and workplace environment loses meaning among the individuals working from home. This is contrary to the expectations of many employees who yearn to go home from work since they associate home with some degree of enjoyment of the free time. As a result, employees working from home will integrate their working hours with other activities normally done during free time like answering the personal emails; hence, boundary on time is a factor that is challenging for an employee working from home. Thirdly, home environment is prone to destructions when compared to an environment where strict supervision is mandatory. As a result, production levels for employees working from home may be a considerable challenge due to such distractions like phone calls, family demands or any other thing or person sharing the same home space. Treating home as a professional environment will thus decrease the production. Fourthly, the isolation that comes with working from home denies the employee socialization and camaraderie. There is a lot of solitude at home environment; this is challenging to employees who may be social. Many employees face challenges of striking a balance between their careers and personal life, especially when working from home. This can be addressed through proper management of time where tasks are organized efficiently, and actions required for both work and home should be fulfilled with the realistic expectations. Prioritization of tasks is essential, and time is estimated for every task. However, scheduling for the personal events is crucial for the welfare of the family. This ensures that a balance is reached between your work and the family requirements. From the tasks filed, a home professional should ensure the accomplishment of tasks within the stipulated time. This distinguishes the time allocated for home life with that allocated for professional work. A constant evaluation may be critical to ensure

Chapter Summary - Student Aid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chapter Summary - Student Aid - Essay Example The cost of college has nearly doubled over the past 20 years, in inflation-adjusted dollars, and college tuition and fees have risen faster than inflation, personal income, consumer prices or even the cost of prescription drugs and health insurance. (2010: 2) The author, based on her in-depth research, also submits to state that the students belonging to lower stratum of society of the USA have far higher percentage of completing their graduation in comparison with those of the middle and higher strata. But the governmental funds and scholarships, once granted to the students on the basis of financial position, have been attached with the grades and scores students get in studies. Hence, the scholarships are divided among the students of all classes, which have accelerated the financial miseries of the students belonging to the lower classes. Though granting of scholarships on the basis of performance in studies is a very healthy trend, but it deprives the financially poor students of the financial support necessary for the completion of their studies. Since they are unable to support themselves, they seek help from different sources. Consequently, private financing companies and organizations are offering their services against heavy in terests, and provide the students with study loans, which become almost impossible to pay by the students. It is therefore instead of deducting the amount of merit based scholarship from the need based one, separate funds must be allocated for the students displaying extraordinary performance in academics and sports. Merit-aid, Clemmitt views, may create heavier loan burdens for low-income students. The University of Maryland recently discovered that low-income students were graduating with more debt than middle and high income students and concluded that its grant program which had 60 percent merit-based awards. (2010: 4) As a result,

What do you understand by the term management style in employee Essay

What do you understand by the term management style in employee relations How useful is the term in understanding the dynamics in employee relations - Essay Example All employees at the workplace tend to share some sort of relationships with the colleagues they work with, with their subordinates and with their supervisors. The relationships can be good or bad depending on the attitudes of everyone at the workplace (Towers, 2003). Theoretical Management style in UK The report from the Chartered Management Institute state that the mostly used management styles in the UK are the authoritarian style 21%, the bureaucratic management style 16% and the third one is categorized as a secret management style 12.5%. The research also depicted that the percentage of employees believing that they are able to access their manager is only around 10 % (Employers criticise UK management style, 2010). The chief executive of the Chartered Management Institute, Ruth Spellman, states that the working lives of people improve with the goodwill element and engagement element amongst the employees. The productivity rate, the retention rate and the loyalty factor of the customers improves with goodwill (Employers criticise UK management style, 2010). Issues with the typologies There are certain issues present with the typologies of the management styles being implemented in organizations. The employment relations may depict a static picture of the firm. The relationship between the employee and the employer may be facing changes but they may be depicted in a static way. Management has certain expectations and intentions from and for the employees respectively but there are strong chances that the employees may not work according to the expectations of the organization. From certain employees hard work and dedication may not be observed at work. The strategies of management may at times be implemented according to the consensus of the employees and other times as a compulsion whether employees like the idea or not. There are different styles of management according to the occupational groups working in the firm. The top management may have a differe nt management style; the middle management may adopt different style for dealing with the employees under them. Lastly, the issues pertaining with typologies are that when managers are outsourced are hired on a contract basis, the management styles that they may implement will be different. Employees have the chances of getting frustrated due to many reasons. The reasons can be both personal and professional and the management therefore needs to ensure that all activities at workplace are taking place according to requirements so that workplace frustration of employees can be avoided. A healthy work environment and atmosphere will make the work experience of the employee a pleasant experience (Gay et al, 2005). Marketisation of the employment relationship There are certain organizational forms to market based regulation of Employee Relations. The employee relationships with the organization need to be carefully reviewed by the firm and accordingly the employee relationships are hand led in the firm. The short term market pressures such as increasing sales, increasing the market share, gaining edge from the competitors have affected the relationship of the employer with the employees. The internal employment structures are observed to be displaced in the organizations. The organizational culture has changed for many organizations along with the goals and objectives of the firm. The benefits and perks that are offered to employees have faced changes in the modern

Ethics and professional behavior

Ethics and professional behavior Ethics and professional behavior are an important part of criminal justice administration. Ethics is referred to as what is right or wrong and your moral principles. Criminal justice administration are faced with ethical issues every day and must deal with this ethical issues in a professional manner. The administration in criminal justice especially the policing administration struggle with ethics and professional behavior in certain situations and may find it difficult to handle. The criminal justice administration has the obligation of making moral judgments of what is right or wrong and must be done professionally and with the use of critical thinking. This paper will analyze the relationship between ethics and professional behavior and the role critical thinking plays in the relationship of ethics and professional behavior. Because law enforcement plays a big role in ethics and professional behavior I will propose a training seminar for law enforcement. Not only are the consequences of unethical acts by criminal justice professionals quite serious, but there are also many possibilities for conflicts to arise in the area of criminal justice, which can lead to unethical decisions and behaviors (Ozyasar, n.d.). Criminal justice administration is the influence in society and ethics and professional behavior must be practiced at all times. When criminal justice administration is unethical and lacks professional behavior society loses faith in the criminal justice system. Good ethics bring on professional behavior. Ethics and professional behavior are related because they both need each other. Without ethics there would not be professional behavior and professional behavior would not exist without ethics. Law enforcement plays a big part in criminal justice administration. Police officers must have good ethics and use professional behavior at all times. Society looks at police officers as the ones who protect and serve. Ethics are importa nt in law enforcement and usually good ethics brings on professional behavior from law enforcement as well as other administrations in criminal justice. Unethical behavior by the criminal justice system harms society weakening our beliefs in them. Members of the criminal justice system make extremely critical decisions every day and their choices have a profound effect on our lives (Ozyasar, n.d.). Critical thinking plays an important role with regard to ethics and professional behavior. In order for the criminal justice administration to use good ethics and professional behavior they need to think critically. Law enforcement, courts, and corrections rely on critical thinking to make good decisions. Law enforcement must use critical thinking to determine if a law has been broken, how to respond, and when to make an arrest (Ozyasar, n.d.). When law enforcement thinks critically this will bring out good ethics and professional behavior. When law enforcement does not first think critic ally they respond to quickly without first thinking about ethics and acting in a professional manner and may arrest the wrong person and let the real criminal go. The courts also rely on critical thinking to oversee legal proceedings and determine a final decision on a case (Ozyasar, n.d.). Prosecution and defense attorneys as well rely on critical thinking in preparing and arguing for or against the accused party (ozyasar, n.d.). Without critical thinking the courts may have a difficult time determining if the accused in fact really committed the crime. The court system administration takes in a lot of information and must first think critically before making a decision. Critical thinking must come first in order for the court system to act ethically and in a professional manner. Corrections and parole officers rely on critical thinking to evaluate the progress of individuals, sponsor reductions in sentences and maintain order within prison facilities (Ozyasar, n.d.). Corrections a nd parole officers are faced with dangerous situations many times and need to think critically in order to deal with the situation ethically and professionally. Criminal justice administration individuals all have their own ethics and behavior. Although sometimes everyone has different ethics they must set aside their beliefs and make the right decision regardless of their feelings in the situation. Good ethical and professional behavior is important in criminal justice administration and in order for this to happen critical thinking is needed. Law enforcement is faced with ethical dilemmas every day and it is important that they handles these situations by first thinking critically so that they can do their job ethically and professionally. I feel that law enforcement needs ethical training because they deal with so many different situations and how they react to these situations need to be done ethically and with professional behavior. Ethics training for law enforcement helps them to readily recognize an ethical problem or dilemma, identify various options to address the particular issue involved, make a rational and ethically sound choice of which option to choose, take prompt action based upon that choice, and accept responsibility for the outcome (Gleason, 2006). The seminar would stress some particular areas of ethical conduct that I feel are important. The first area of ethical conduct would be law enforcement using their authority ethically and professionally. I choose this particular area because it is very common for police officers to take their authority to extreme. Certain situations can cause law enforcement to act without thinking and they throw their ethics and professional behavior to the side. Training law enforcement to control their authority will help them uphold a good reputation for themselves as well as the agency and give the community faith in the officer and to not be afraid of that officer or any officer in the agency. Another area of ethical behavior that would be stressed is law enforcement performing their duties without the influence of a person’s sex or color. Regardless of a criminal’s race or sex law enforcement should treat them as they would anyone else. In certain situations a police officer needs to put their opinion aside and treat the person ethically and in a professional manner. Training the officer in this area will help them treat everyone equally and the community will feel like they have an unbiased law enforcement agency. Another area of ethics would be law enforcement should treat their fellow employees and the community with respect. Law enforcement should act ethically towards everyone and uphold professional behavior at all times. Training officers to do this helps them to be a role model for their agency as well as the community. Another area of ethical behavior I feel that needs to be stressed in the seminar would be that under any circumstances should law en forcement except gifts or bribes from anyone in the community or in the agency. It would be unethical and unprofessional for any police officer. In the seminar I would also stressed the importance of honesty by law enforcement. Honesty would consist of withholding evidence would be immoral and unprofessional. Our communities need to feel that they can trust our law enforcement and feel safe. Law enforcement effectiveness depends upon community respect and confidence (FDLE, n.d.). Therefore law enforcement must be proficient in ethical conduct and be professional at all times. Police officers are held to a higher standard of behavior by society, because they are stewards of the public trust and are empowered to apply force and remove constitutional privileges when lawfully justified. They take an oath of office, are expected to comply with professional code of ethics, and are subject to various laws, rules, and regulations (Gleason, 2006). Therefore I feel that my proposal for ethics training for law enforcement is necessary because of the expectations and requirements that law enforcement has to uphold professional behavior a nd code of ethics. In order for our criminal justice administration to function properly a clear understanding of ethics and professional behavior is needed. Due to the power and prestige and because of the nature of problems they must deal with, the members of the criminal justice system often face serious conflicts and need a guiding light, which is precisely what a code of ethics provides (Ozyasar, n.d.). In order for the criminal justice administration to display good ethics and professional behavior they must first think critically. The decisions that the criminal justice administration make are critical and they must first have to think about their decision and act ethically and with professional behavior. Law enforcement is faced with many dilemmas that require them to make critical decisions and must make these decisions ethically. Law enforcement training in ethical conduct can help officers do their jobs professionally and show the community they are doing their jobs ethic ally and with professional behavior. Ethics, professional behavior, and critical thinking are the most important roles in our criminal justice administration. References Ozyasar, H. (n.d.). Why is ethics important in criminal justice. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/about_6386561_ethics-important-criminal-justice_.html Baer, A. (n.d.). How critical thinking relates to criminaljustice. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/facts_7370099_critical-thinking-relates-criminal-justice.html Gleason, T. (2006). Ethics training for police. Retrieved from http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/magazine/index.cfm?fuseaction=display_archarticle_id=1054issue_id=112006 Florida department of law enforcement. (n.d.). officer requirements. Retrieved from http://www.fdle.state.fl.us/Content/CJST/Menu/Officer-Requirements-Main-Page/LE-Ethical-Standards-of-Conduct.aspx

The 1st Stasimon in Sophocles’ Play, Oedipus the King :: Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

The 1st Stasimon in Sophocles’ Play, Oedipus the King The 1st Stasimon in Sophocles’ play ‘Oedipus the King’ is mainly showing the Chorus’ confusion in regards to Tiresias’ accusations made towards Oedipus. The Chorus seem terrified and powerless, and, like Oedipus, do not want to believe the accusations. They feel that the gods know the truth, yet will not reveal it, thus feeling as though the gods are of no real help. There are many issues and techniques to be discussed in regards to the 1st Stasimon, one of these being the significance of the section. The real significance of the 1st Stasimon is that it shows the reader how much of a respected role model Oedipus is to the community of Thebes; they will not accuse him until true proof has been revealed about the incident. This can be shown from the third quote in the 1st Stasimon handout. It reads: â€Å"No, not till I see these charges proved will I side with his accusers.† This shows that the Chorus considers Oedipus to be a true leader, and hence will follow him regardless. Another factor of significance in the first stasimon is that it shows the audience how the Chorus believes that Oedipus was brought to Thebes for a reason; this being to bring joy back into the city. The fourth quote in the handout is a good example of this: â€Å"We saw him then†¦with our own eyes his skill, his brilliant triumph – there was the test – he was the joy of Thebes!† Through this quote we can see admiration shown towards Oedipus due to his defeat against the Sphin x, and ridding the city from the curse. This brought joy back into the city, and turned Oedipus into a hero. Another issue raised in the 1st Stasimon was gender representation. Gender representation played a minor role in the First Stasimon. In this section, all well respected people or gods were men; the only woman mentioned in the text was the Sphinx, whom was rather referred to as the ‘she-hawk’. This can be seen in quote 7 in the 1st Stasimon handout. Hawks are considered to be evil birds, and are often in some texts considered to be possessed by the Devil, which shows that the Sphinx was not respected whatsoever, and was considered evil. Also, when the Chorus was trying to solve the question of who killed Laius, they basically ruled out the thought that the killer could be a woman.

Writing: Life Expectancy and Ancient Egyptians Life

King Tutu became king at age 9 and led his empire from 1333 to 1322 BC. Considering this, the young king had little time to train or plan for his leadership. Instead, he moved directly from childhood to adult responsibilities. Like other Ancient Egyptians, King Tutu married at a young age. Whereas the modern day search for a marriage partner may take decades. The ancient Egyptians had no such leisure to make prolonged marriage decisions. King Tutu and his wife had two children who died as babies. While such deaths would lead o shock and immeasurable grief today, they were common then.So, parents could not count on watching their children grow up. Unlike modern humans, few Egyptians would have ever dreamed of holding their grandchildren in their arms, though some city-dwellers may have achieved this goal, as they had a lower mortality rate compared to village residents. Other causes of a shorter life expectancy included tuberculosis, polio, and malnutrition. Diseases occasionally brok e out, causing utter devastation. Many of these diseases were fatal, and unlike today, few could be cured r even treated.Still, today's scholars dispute King Tutu died at an age that was considered young even then: 19. King Tutu possibly died from an infection that, even If It had been vigorously treated, would have required antibiotics not yet In existence. Ultimately, his doctors' techniques were limited because they lived before modern medicine. Since the time of the ancient Egyptians, humankind has made great strides prolonging life expectancy. In fact, by ancient Egyptian standards, modern longevity is truly awesome. The Egyptians would be shocked to know that, these days, mom people even discuss immortality as a future possibility.He continued his search for years, ultimately coming very close to Warm Mineral spring. Still popular today, the spring thousands of years. It is possible that Leon never whether the spring was the fountain he was seeking, because he (use) for (learn ) (lose) his life in battle there. People from many cultures and of years. Most recently, the well-known American magician, David Copperfield, claimed that he had discovered the true fountain amid islands in the Bahamas. Copperfield (report) that when dying bugs are out in contact with the water, they will fly again.Copperfield purchased the island group, and since then, scientists (conduct) experiments of the waters to determine their restorative powers. The island group visitors for the past several years. (close) to 5. Write a description of your current life, imagining that your life expectancy is only 30. * Write an interesting introduction. * Describe your imaginary life using sensory details of smell, sight, sound, taste, and touch. * Include figures of speech in your description * Include a clear conclusion. * Use the vocabulary and grammar from Unit 1

How to Conjugate the Verb Sentire in Italian

How to Conjugate the Verb Sentire in Italian To hearTo feelTo senseTo seeTo smellTo tasteTo call What to Know About â€Å"​Sentire† It’s a regular third  conjugation verb, so it follows the typical -ire verb ending pattern.It’s a transitive verb, so it takes a direct object.The infinito is â€Å"sentire†.The participio passato is â€Å"sentito†.The gerund form is â€Å"sentendo†.The past gerund form is â€Å"essendo sentito†. INDICATIVO/INDICATIVE Il presente io sento noi sentiamo tu senti voi sentite lui, lei, Lei sente essi, Loro sentono Ad esempio: Lo senti quel profumo? È meraviglioso! - Do you smell that scent? It’s amazing! Il passato prossimo io ho sentito noi abbiamo sentito tu hai sentito voi avete sentito lui, lei, Lei ha sentito essi, Loro hanno sentito Ad esempio: Abbiamo appena sentito un rumore di sotto! L’hai sentito anche tu? - We just heard a noise downstairs! Did you also hear it? L’imperfetto io sentivo noi sentivamo tu sentivi voi sentivate lui, lei, Lei sentiva essi, Loro sentivano Ad esempio: Da bambino quando sentivo il profumo di gelsomino, sapevo che la mamma era vicina. - As a kid whenever I smelled jasmine, I knew my mother was nearby. Il trapassato prossimo Io avevo sentito noi avevamo sentito tu avevi sentito voi avevate sentito lui, lei, Lei aveva sentito essi, Loro avevano sentito Ad esempio: Aveva gi sentito le notizie quando Marco gli ha telefonato. - He had already heard the news when Marco called him. Il passato remoto io sentii noi sentimmo tu sentisti voi sentiste lui, lei, Lei sent essi, Loro sentirono Ad esempio: Non sentà ¬ mai cià ² che dissi.   - He never heard what I said. Il trapassato remoto io ebbi sentito noi avemmo sentito tu avesti sentito voi aveste sentito lui, lei, Lei ebbe sentito essi, Loro ebbero sentito TIP: This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry too much about mastering it. You’ll find it in very sophisticated writing. Il futuro semplice io sentir noi sentiamo tu sentirai voi sentiate lui, lei, Lei sentir essi, Loro sentano Ad esempio: Non ci crederà ² finchà © non lo sentirà ² da lui. - I won’t believe it until I hear it from him. Il futuro anteriore io avr sentito noi avremo sentito tu avrai sentito voi avrete sentito lui, lei, Lei avr sentito essi, Loro avranno sentito Ad esempio: Avrai sentito parlare molto del suo nuovo fidanzato. - You must have heard a lot about her new boyfriend. CONGIUNTIVO/SUBJUNCTIVE Il presente che io senta che noi sentiamo che tu senta che voi sentiate che lui, lei, Lei senta che essi, Loro sentano Ad esempio: Voglio che Marta si senta sicura. - I want Marta to feel safe. Il passato io abbia sentito noi abbiamo sentito tu abbia sentito voi abbiate sentito lui, lei, Lei abbia sentito essi, Loro abbiano sentito Ad esempio: Immagino abbiate sentito le notizie, vero? - I guess you all have heard the news, right? L’imperfetto io sentissi noi sentissimo tu sentissi voi sentiste lui, lei, Lei sentisse essi, Loro sentissero Ad esempio: Non volevamo che si sentisse sola. - We didn’t want to her to feel lonely. Il trapassato prossimo io avessi sentito noi avessimo sentito tu avessi sentito voi aveste sentito lui, lei, Lei avesse sentito essi, Loro avessero sentito Ad esempio: Non sapevo che ci avesse sentito parlare della festa. - I didn’t know he heard us talking about the party. CONDIZIONALE/CONDITIONAL Il presente io sentirei noi sentiremmo tu sentiresti voi sentireste lui, lei, Lei sentirebbe essi, Loro sentirebbero Ad esempio: Se fossi in te, sentirei tua madre. - If I were you, I’d call your mom. Esempi: Il passato io avrei sentito noi avremmo sentito tu avresti sentito voi avreste sentito lui, lei, Lei avrebbe sentito essi, Loro avrebbero sentito Ad esempio: Se lui fosse arrivato due minuti prima, avrebbe sentito il mio segreto. - If he had arrived two minutes before, he would have heard my secret.

John Q Public II essays

John Q Public II essays Everybody lock your doors, get a gun, protect yourself! Mr. John Q Public II is planning to prepare the ground for an ever-more vicious and brutal campaign of terror! As this letter will make clear, he keeps saying that he holds a universal license that allows him to make things worse. Isn't that claim getting a little shopworn? I mean, we were put on this planet to be active, to struggle, and to put inexorable pressure on him to be a bit more careful about what he says and does. We were not put here to control, manipulate, and harm other people, as Mr. Public might insist. Sure, he talks the talk, but does he walk the walk? No, don't guess; this isn't audience participation day. I'll just tell you. But before I do, you should note that he is too mindless to read the writing on the wall. This writing warns that he believes that he can send flippant oafs on safari holidays instead of publicly birching them and get away with it. Sorry, but I have to call foul on that one. Need I point out that this is a very real and serious concern? Viewing all this from a higher vantage point, we can see that Mr. Public should think about how his epigrams lead barbaric, insipid mendicants to promote a form of government in which religious freedom, racial equality, and individual liberty are severely at risk. If Mr. Public doesn't want to think that hard, perhaps he should just keep quiet. There's no mystery about it, no more room for fairy tales, just the knowledge that his apparatchiks tend to fall into the mistaken belief that it is his moral imperative to dominate or intimidate others, mainly because they live inside a Mr. Public-generated illusion-world and talk only with each other. For one thing, he backstabs his advocates. But more important, it's astounding that he has found a way to work the words "gastrohysterorrhaphy" and "anthropocentrical" into his threats. However, you may find it even more astounding that he has spent untold hours tryi...

The Modern Temper by Lynn Dumenil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Modern Temper by Lynn Dumenil - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that in exploring the cultural and socio-political content of the period which has been widely referred to as the ‘roaring twenties’, Lynn Dumenil brings her analytical insights on how the American culture and society in the 1920s was formed upon revolutionary grounds. The present research has identified that by ‘modern temper’, she attributes the prevailing characteristic or temper of the era to the state of transforming the repressive Victorian age. The author has rightly presented that the phrase ‘modern temper’ tends to pertain to the 1920s settings and pervasive styles which comprised in the type of modernity developing between the end of World War I and the severe regression of stock market. This paper illustrates that this stage of history is claimed by the author to have established â€Å"the central motifs that have shaped the modern American temper.† While she acknowledges how importan t the role is of World War I being a tool or process of making the ‘roaring twenties’ happen, Dumenil does not believe in the common knowledge which infers that World War I is hugely responsible for such an outcome on which various aspects of change in American society, politics, economy, and culture are embedded. To her, it seems that the main source points to the major events of the industrial revolution as well as the consequences of a rapidly industrialized culture within a capitalist society. This is to say that World War I serves only to polish the results in the overall image of progressive economy or the idea of prosperity which caused population to shift from rural regions to urban locations believed to possess centers of commerce and adequate employment to support good living standards. Among a number of trends which are quite vivid in her investigation of the 1920s, the expanding bureaucratic form of government is prominent yet somewhat notorious for yielding to excessive power which had stirred general distrust across the nation. By noting how a U.S. representative kept an argument about daylight-savings time in a wartime program, Dumenil demonstrates how federal laws are exercised even in handling petty matters of politics, sarcastically reacting â€Å"we might soon have laws passed attempting to regulate the volume of air a man should breathe, suspend the laws of gravity, or change the colors of the rainbow.† Alongside the increasing state of bureaucracy emerged urban liberalism and pluralism in America’s heterogeneous society. Coupled with a mass-consumer culture, this led to unequal distribution of wealth so that social movements which influenced different religious, ethnic, and cultural groups were put up in protest of living under impoverished conditions. Violent labor disputes were similarly fanned by relative advocates of socialist and communist ideals at the height of brief yet sharp recession of the American economy, resulting to high prices and scarce jobs. As a further consequence, bomb threats forwarded to the state alarmed majority of the Americans who readily got anxious that something equivalent to Russia’s Bolshevik Revolution is bound to erupt in the country. The government and businesses at the time appeared to create a joint action in suppressing both immigrant activists and labor radicals who initiated such event which was registered in history as the ‘Red Scare’. For the first time in the 1920s, according to Dumenil, lobbyists turned out to be politically persuasive while certain commercial establishments as movie studios had been able to profit out of schemes that enabled selling of commodities through national chains which generated the popular culture of mass market. Women of the ‘roaring twenties’ managed to penetrate the workplace and encountered prosperity for themselves. Most probably this is the reason why most of them were observed to demand greater autonomy in identifying their needs in terms of economic, social, political, and even sexual aspects of life. Dumenil points out, however, that â€Å"the new women’s liberation [was the domain of] white, relatively affluent women,

The idea of suffering as a' call to the Other' Assignment

The idea of suffering as a' call to the Other' - Assignment Example That year Eric Cassel published a paper on suffering based on his experience as MD. This work that first appeared in New England Journal of Medicine launched a new direction in discussing suffering in healthcare setting. Lots of representatives of other disciplines used Cassel’s understanding of suffering in their publications to draw attention to the fact that suffering is not related just to physical injury or some disease, but relates to human suffering as well (Cassel, 1991). The core idea of Cassel’s perception of suffering is that the latter is â€Å"experienced by persons, not merely by bodies, and has its source in challenges that threaten the intactness of a person as a complex social and psychologic entity† (Cassel, 1982, p. 639). Moreover, the author expresses the view that suffering can include pain, yet is not restricted to it. Importantly, he asserts that to relieve human suffering is the obligation of the medical care. Cassel’s comparisons a nd studies in the area of pain and human suffering, as well as his thoughts on meaning are compatible with the themes of nursing and medical care explored in history. However, in practice one can find that despite their historic meaning, both medicine and nursing often fail to carry out this important duty within modern healthcare. Instead, they have become over technical and depersonalized. To our exploration of suffering as a Call to the Other, Cassel’s study of the illness and its meaning seems specifically relevant since it can be well applied to the nursing practice. Cassel thinks of personal meaning as a basic and principal dimension of what we know as personhood. To add, Cassel provides explanation of the importance of recognition of personal meaning. In particular, the researcher states that this recognition is crucial in understanding people’s illnesses and sufferings. Finally, Cassel rebukes current medicine for its ignorance of person’s spirit that dr ives human life, or in other words for its failure to include the transcendent dimension. ORIGINS OF SUFFERING In his study â€Å"Medicine and Human Suffering†, Professor Hiram Caton asserts that the origin of suffering within humans is their anxiety of death. He writes, â€Å"The fundamental human suffering is knowledge of mortality† (Caton, 1998). However, the vision of origins of suffering is far more complex. Suffering is classified as physical and psychological. For instance, Tudor speaks of physical, psychological suffering, and affliction. Recognizing the existing dichotomy between mind and body, Tudor defines physical suffering as â€Å"suffering felt as physical pain† and psychological suffering as â€Å"suffering felt as psychological pain† (Tudor, 2001: 23). In relation to psychological suffering, the term of affliction has been successfully developed by Weil. In his interpretation, suffering is perceived as affliction and it involves a combina tion of psychological distress, pain felt physically, and some social elements. In addition, psychological suffering is also known as ‘sorrow’, which seems to be unable to accurately reflect such states as distress, despair, anguish, shock, etc (Wyschgorod, 1990: 34). Psychological and physical suffering differ not just in the nature of pain that the Other experiences, but in terms of expressibility as well. On the basis of careful observation, Scarry has come to the conclusion that Physical pain does not simply resist language but actively destroys it, bringing

The indigenous cultures of the Americas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The indigenous cultures of the Americas - Essay Example According to the historians, Holmberg spent his time in the 1940s among the Sirono tribes and decided to call them the most culturally backward people in the entire world. He stated that these tribes had no religion, no art or design, no musical instruments, no domestic animals and no clothes, and lived in constant hunger and want. They couldn’t even make fire or count to three. Mann decided to argue against these findings with deep respect. He stated that Holmberg thought that the people before Columbus had no real history, while he did not take into account that people before Columbus were just persecuted survivors and had been totally devastated with the smallpox and influenza in the 1920s. Mann detailed his personal experience with the pre-Columbian times history within the article that he discussed in his book, according to which he said that during his times in the high school, he learned that the Indians came over to the land of Americas over 12000 years ago across the Bering Strait, and these Indians lived in isolated and small groups and had little to no impact over the environment. As a result, the land of Americas remained wild and barren even after millennia of habitation. In the introduction of his book, he compares his research with Holmberg’s and initially it seems as if both are two different pieces altogether. However, after reading the entire book, it becomes apparent that the investigation of anthropologists had come up to wrong conclusions. The greatest mistake according to Mann is the assumption that many historians made assuming that the Indians had no history before the arrival of Columbus on the continent. Mann looked at the history before Columbus from various points of views, and ended up making a specific kind of anthropological revolution. According to the investigations that he made about the life of the contemporaries and the field of culture showed that the Indians took proper and

Fundamentals of Microeconomics Essay Example for Free

Fundamentals of Microeconomics Essay Macroeconomics defined as â€Å"the study of the economy as a whole, which includes inflation, unemployment, business cycles, and growth† (Colander, G-5). There are many fundamentals that affect the economy in both a good and bad way. These fundamentals affect the economy, and they also show the growth of the economy. The fundamentals are gross domestic product (GDP), real gross domestic product, nominal gross domestic product, unemployment rate, inflation rate, and interest rate. Defining the fundamentals Gross Domestic Product is â€Å"the total market value of all final goods and services produced in an economy in a one-year period† (Colander, G-3). GDP calculation is very important because it calculates the growth, decline, or stand still have the economy. When the GDP is calculate, it is base on previous numbers not future numbers. For example, the GDP is +2%, which means a growth of 2% for the previous year. Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is â€Å"the market value of final goods and services produced in an economy, stated in the prices of the giver year† (Colander, G-7). Real GDP is an inflation measure of the production of goods and services in the economy. It reflects price changes throughout the year. The real GDP is base more on realistic numbers instead of a guess. The calculation is more accurate concerning the gross domestic product for the previous year. Nominal gross domestic product is calculate at existing prices. Nominal GDP does not reflect inflation and is known as â€Å"current dollar GDP.† Nominal GDP can either be higher or lower than the GDP. When nominal GDP is calculate without reflecting inflation, which can show a higher growth in the economy when it is lower or at a standstill. Unemployment rate is â€Å"the percentage of people in the economy who are willing and able to work but who are not working† (Colander, G-9). The unemployment rate is calculate every month, and it shows the people who are looking for work. This rate does not include individual like the elderly, people working only a few hours a week or people who do not send resumes into different business. The unemployment rate shows that based on the number of people in the United States, a certain percentage is actively looking for work but has not found work. Inflation Rate is the percentage rate of change in price over a certain period usually a year. The inflation rate is calculate using last year price for a particular item to determine how much it will cost. Inflation rate determines the price of many things that include the price of the dollar. When individual calculates the inflation rate, it can help others determine if it is better to buy certain products today or later. Interest Rate is â€Å"the price paid for the use of financial asset† (Colander, G-4). Interest rate is a certain percentage that an individual has to pay on borrowing money or purchasing something. The interest rate is base on the credit score and the item purchase. The rate can go from being a very low number to as high as 10 percent. Purchasing of Groceries The purchase of groceries affects government, households, and business daily. The government determines the tax placed when household purchase groceries. Every household in the United States purchase groceries to survive. The businesses are affected by grocery purchase through the purchase. The business is affected by the purchases made because it shows what is being purchase more and what is being purchase less. The flow of resources take place in continues circular motion. The groceries are receive by the business from the local food processing plants. The employees at the local business placed the items on the shelves and groceries are ready for sell. The household members purchase the groceries from the business and pay the taxes government placed on the items. This continues to take place daily and will always continue. Massive layoff of employees The flow of resources takes place, and it affects businesses in both good and bad ways. Most business can employee the previous laid-off employees to allow taxes to be paid. When businesses are not able to employ more employees, unemployed do not demand good and services. When employees are layoff, there is no income coming into the household. The household is affected because there is no income, which in return means less good and service that can be purchase. When massive layoffs of employees take place in the economy, it affects government because they are paying unemployment benefits, Medicaid, and giving food stamps and more welfare to those eligible. Decrease in taxes When the government decides to decrease tax, it affects everyone differently. Government is affected in a good way, but it occurs in the long-run supply and demand curve. The government is losing more because taxes are lower but more money is being receive. In the long-run supply and demand, the government receives more money because the household is purchasing more good and services. The household is excite because more money is coming into the household because taxes are lower. The lower the tax, the more income, which mean more good and services are being purchase. Businesses are excite because more goods and services are being purchase. The flow of resources occurs and is affected in the long-run supply and demand curve. References Colander, D.C. (2010). Macroeconomics (8th ed.) Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Importance of Breakfast in Relation to Obesity

Importance of Breakfast in Relation to Obesity A critical evaluation Through many influential sources, such as research and advertising, breakfast has been widely portrayed as the most important meal of the day. In fact, much epidemiological evidence tends to support this notion by demonstrating that breakfast skipping leads to an increased risk of obesity (McCrory et al, 2014; Browns et al, 2013). Since the 1980s, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has sharply risen worldwide, with 1.9 billion adults being characterized as overweight and 600 million as obese in 2014 (WHO, 2015). In the UK alone, the proportion of men and women characterized as obese has increased by 14% and 10% from the early 1990s to 2015 (Public Health England, 2017). For an individual, obesity is usually the result of an imbalance between energy consumed and energy expended (WHO, 2016). Although energy imbalance ultimately leads to weight gain, the primary factors are not yet completely understood. Currently, there is no evidence linking specific foods to obesity, however re cently, much attention has been given to eating behaviours, such as breakfast eating, as they may represent a combined effect of a number of nutrients, and breakfast habits could potentially demonstrate an interplay between other lifestyle factors, such as an overall poor diet and physical inactivity. If eating behaviours are observed to be causally linked to weight gain, then they could potentially represent practical strategies for obesity prevention. On these grounds, this essay will explore a wide variety of evidence regarding the association between breakfast skipping and weight gain. Furthermore, we shall discuss whether breakfast eating habits have been linked with overall dietary health and physical activity, as these factors are now known to be strongly linked with obesity. It is reasonable to assume that ones beliefs about breakfast will influence the likelihood of an individual engaging in this behaviour. For example, early research reported that the majority of habitual breakfast eaters believed that breakfast was important for providing energy and increasing productivity throughout the morning (Chapman et al, 1998). More recently, among a UK national representative sample, it was reported that 64% of the population habitually consumed breakfast, whilst 6% skipped it. Moreover, the breakfast eaters believed that breakfast maintained weight control, whereas breakfast skippers believed that missing breakfast supported weight loss (Reeves et al, 2013). This evidence signifies that eating behaviours, such as breakfast skipping, are largely determined by what individuals believe. Some beliefs about scientific matters are thought true despite substantial evidence disproving them, whereas other science-based beliefs are allegedly true even though inadequate evidence exists to support or disprove them (McCrory et al, 2014). This is important because a widely accepted belief is that frequently consuming breakfast compared with skipping breakfast is preventative of weight gain or causes weight loss. A recent meta-analysis reported that the risk for overweight and obesity increases by 55% when breakfast is skipped (Browns et al, 2013).   As this association has often been reported, a theory has been developed which, if correct, may potentially explain how breakfast skipping can lead to weight gain.   The theory states that when breakfast is skipped, there is an overcompensation for the energy missed at breakfast by ingesting more energy than one otherwise would have consumed at breakfast alone (Pereira et al, 2011). On the other hand, lets also consider that breakfast skipping could result in no weight change over time (in a scenario where breakfast skipping does not lead to overcompensation) or to weight loss (in a scenario where there is absence of compensation). While cross-sectional studies have generally reported that breakfast skipping leads to weight gain, currently, there are limited high quality experimental evidence supporting this notion. It is also impor tant to point out that all of the studies reviewed in the Browns et al (2013) meta-analysis, were cross-sectional thereby causality cannot be concluded from their à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ndings. Whilst randomized controlled trials do not directly allow conclusions to be drawn concerning fluctuations in energy balance, they do allow for conclusions to be made about temporary changes which, if constant over time, could potentially result in changes in energy balance. Yet, short-duration (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 1 week) randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of breakfast skipping on successive energy intake have been equivocal (Astbury et al, 2011; Leidy et al, 2013; Levitsky et al, 2013). For example two of these studies reported that impromptu lunch intake was greater after breakfast skipping, compared to when breakfast was consumed (Astbury et al, 2011; Leidy et al, 2013). In contrast, Levitsky et al (2013) showed under compensation at lunch, signifying that the collective intake across breakfast and lunch remained lower in the breakfast skipping condition. On the other hand, longer-duration (2-3 weeks) randomized controlled trials do not appear to show a relationshi p between breakfast skipping and weight gain (Farshchi et al, 2005; Schlundt et al, 1992; Tuttle et al, 1950). Although the results of these experimental trials are varied, they do not support for the theory that breakfast skipping leads to overeating. Furthermore, in prospective studies with up to 10 years follow-up, it has been observed that individuals who regularly ingest breakfast appear to gain less weight (Odegaard et al, 2013; Purslow et al, 2008; van der Heijden et al, 2007). One explanation for this could be that skipping breakfast may merely be an indication of overall lifestyle, for example, substantial evidence suggests that skipping breakfast is associated with a less nutritious diet and less physical activity (Szajewska et al, 2010; Rampersaud et al, 2005). This is significant because both of these modifiable factors are strongly correlated with the increased risk of obesity and other chronic diseases. For example, much epidemiological evidence shows a relationship between eating breakfast and healthier food choices and dietary habits (Skinner et al, 1985; Lattimore et al, 2010), whereas, breakfast skippers are associated with whole diets that are inadequate (Christakis et al, 1968; Serra-Majem et al, 2002). Of the s tudies mentioned above, two are outdated, nevertheless, they have been included to demonstrate that the association between breakfast consumption and healthy lifestyle habits has been repeatedly observed over the last 50 years or so, demonstrating that this relationship has remained constant over time. To further explain the results mentioned above, a recent review by Rampersaud et al (2005), revealed that habitual breakfast skippers were more likely to be overweight compared to breakfast eaters, regardless of a higher overall energy intake in the breakfast eating group. It is possible that the combination of breakfast skipping with additional poor eating behaviours, such as an insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption, is contributing to the results observed in this study, as it has been previously established that a low intake of fruit and vegetables increases the risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Hamer et al, 2007). Regarding physical activity, much epidemiological evidence reports that breakfast skippers are less likely to participate in physical activity (Cohen et al, 2003; Keski-Rahkonen et al, 2003; Aarnio et al, 2002). A proposed mechanism is that skipping breakfast may lead to lethargy and physical inactivity throughout the day (Pollitt et al, 1998; Meyers et al, 1989 ; Shaw et al, 1998) thereby contributing to positive energy balance and thus weight gain. Although there is a vast amount of evidence supporting the idea that breakfast skipping is associated with poor dietary habits and physical inactivity, no conclusions can be drawn yet as the evidence which has mostly found these positive associations have been drawn from cross-sectional and prospective studies which as mentioned before, do not prove causality. Clearly, obesity is a significant public health problem due to its high prevalence and important health consequences. Therefore, in order to provide practical recommendations for the control and/or prevention of obesity, its causal factors must be identfied. Although there is substantial evidence linking breakfast skipping to weight gain, a reasoned conclusion cannot be drawn as the majority of studies reporting this association merely identify a relationship, not a causal pathway as they are cross-sectional or observational studies. On the other hand, experimental trials can usually determine causation.   Regarding the trials reviewed in this essay, short-term trials have demonstrated effects of breakfast skipping on energy intake and appetite later in the day, although together these results are ambiguous, also longer-term randomized controlled trials have not show effects of breakfast skipping on energy imbalance and subsequent weight change. Overall, the evidence we have discussed here does not strongly support the widely accepted theory that breakfast skipping leads to an overcompensation of energy in subsequent meals, nor does the evidence support a common belief that breakfast contributes to weight gain or loss. It can however be argued that whether an individual eats breakfast or not, this will not directly influence their risk of weight gain or obesity. In fact it could be argued that other lifestyle behaviours, such as physical inactivity and inadequate diets, are actually the factors driving this observed association. An integral issue when evaluating the impact that lifestyle behaviours have on obesity is that these behaviours are very difficult to precisely measure within a large, generalizable population. Equally, trying to establish that one factor alone is impacting weight gain is a difficult task, as seen in this essay, many factors interact with and affect each other. Therefore, as to whether breakfast is t he most important meal of the day with regards to the obesity, the jury is still out, so to speak. In the meantime, the simple recommendation to eat less and exercise more appears to still be the most effective tool in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Words: 1569 References Aarnio, M., Winter, T., Kujala, U. and Kaprio, J., (2002). Associations of health related behaviour, social relationships, and health status with persistent physical activity and inactivity: a study of Finnish adolescent twins. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(5), p360-364. Astbury, N.M., Taylor, M.A. and Macdonald, I.A., (2011). Breakfast consumption affects appetite, energy intake, and the metabolic and endocrine responses to foods consumed later in the day in male habitual breakfast eaters. The Journal of nutrition, 141 (7), p1381-1389. Brown, A.W., Brown, M.M.B. and Allison, D.B., 2013. Belief beyond the evidence: using the proposed effect of breakfast on obesity to show 2 practices that distort scientific evidence. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 98(5), pp.1298-1308. Chapman, G.E. and Melton, C.L., (1998). College and university students breakfast consumption patterns: behaviours, beliefs, motivations and personal and environmental influences. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 59 (4), p176. Christakis, G., Miridjanian, A., Nath, L., Khurana, H.S., Cowell, C., Archer, M., Frank, O., Ziffer, H., Baker, H. and James, G., 1968. A nutritional epidemiologic investigation of 642 New York City children. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 21 (1), p107-126. Cohen, B., Evers, S., Manske, S., Bercovitz, K. and Edward, H.G., (2003). Smoking, physical activity and breakfast consumption among secondary school students in a southwestern Ontario community. Canadian Journal of Public Health/Revue Canadienne de Santee Publique, p41-44. Farshchi, H.R., Taylor, M.A. and Macdonald, I.A., (2005). Deleterious effects of omitting breakfast on insulin sensitivity and fasting lipid profiles in healthy lean women. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 81 (2), p388-396. Hamer, M. and Chida, Y., (2007). Intake of fruit, vegetables, and antioxidants and risk of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of hypertension, 25 (12), p2361-2369. Keski-Rahkonen, A., Kaprio, J., Rissanen, A., Virkkunen, M. and Rose, R.J., (2003). Breakfast skipping and health-compromising behaviors in adolescents and adults. European journal of clinical nutrition, 57(7), p842-853. Lattimore, P., Walton, J., Bartlett, S., Hackett, A. and Stevenson, L., (2010). Regular consumption of a cereal breakfast. Effects on mood and body image satisfaction in adult non-obese women. Appetite, 55(3), p512-521. Leidy, H.J., Ortinau, L.C., Douglas, S.M. and Hoertel, H.A., (2013). Beneficial effects of a higher-protein breakfast on the appetitive, hormonal, and neural signals controlling energy intake regulation in overweight/obese,breakfast-skipping, late-adolescent girls. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 97(4), p677-688. Levitsky, D.A. and Pacanowski, C.R., (2013). Effect of skipping breakfast on subsequent energy intake. Physiology behavior, 119, p9-16. McCrory, M.A., (2014). Meal skipping and variables related to energy balance in adults: A brief review, with emphasis on the breakfast meal. Physiology behavior, 134, p51-54. Meyers, A.F., (1989). Undernutrition, hunger, and learning in children. Nutrition news (USA). Odegaard, A.O., Jacobs, D.R., Steffen, L.M., Van Horn, L., Ludwig, D.S. and Pereira, M.A., (2013). Breakfast frequency and development of metabolic risk. Diabetes care, 36 (10), p3100-3106. Pereira, M.A., Erickson, E., McKee, P., Schrankler, K., Raatz, S.K., Lytle, L.A. and Pellegrini, A.D., (2011). Breakfast frequency and quality may affect glycemia and appetite in adults and children. The Journal of nutrition, 141(1), p163-168. Pollitt, E. and Mathews, R., (1998). Breakfast and cognition: an integrative summary. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 67(4), p804-813. Public Health England contributor. (2017). Adult Obesity. Available: http://www.noo.org.uk/NOO_about_obesity/adult_obesity. Last accessed 13th Mar 2017. Purslow, L.R., Sandhu, M.S., Forouhi, N., Young, E.H., Luben, R.N., Welch, A.A., Khaw, K.T., Bingham, S.A. and Wareham, N.J., 2008. Energy intake at breakfast and weight change: prospective study of 6,764 middle-aged men and women. American journal of epidemiology, 167(2), p188-192. Rampersaud, G.C., Pereira, M.A., Girard, B.L., Adams, J. and Metzl, J.D., (2005). Breakfast habits, nutritional status, body weight, and academic performance in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 105(5), p743-760. Reeves, S., Halsey, L.G., McMeel, Y. and Huber, J.W., (2013). Breakfast habits, beliefs and measures of health and wellbeing in a nationally representative UK sample. Appetite, 60, p51-57. Schlundt, D.G., Hill, J.O., Sbrocco, T., Pope-Cordle, J. and Sharp, T., (1992). The role of breakfast in the treatment of obesity: a randomized clinical trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 55(3), p645-651. Serra-Majem, L., Bartrina, J.A., Pà ©rez-Rodrigo, C., Ribas-Barba, L. and Delgado-Rubio, A., (2006). Prevalence and deteminants of obesity in Spanish children and young people. British Journal of Nutrition, 96(1), p67-72. Shaw, M.E., (1998). Adolescent breakfast skipping: an Australian study. Adolescence, 33(132), p851-862. Skinner, J.D., Salvetti, N.N., Ezell, J.M., Penfield, M.P. and Costello, C.A., (1985). Appalachian adolescents eating patterns and nutrient intakes. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 85(9), p1093-1099. Szajewska, H. and RuszczyÅ„ski, M., (2010). Systematic review demonstrating that breakfast consumption influences body weight outcomes in children and adolescents in Europe. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 50(2), p113-119. Tuttle, W.W., Daum, K., Myers, L. and Martin, C., (1950). Effect of omitting breakfast on the physiologic response of men. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 26, p332-335. Heijden, A.A., Hu, F.B., Rimm, E.B. and Dam, R.M., (2007). A prospective study of breakfast consumption and weight gain among US men. Obesity, 15(10), p2463-2469. WHO contributor. (2015). facts on obesity. Available: http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/obesity/facts/en/index4.html. Last accessed 13th Mar 2017. WHO contributor. (2016). Obesity and overweight. Available: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/. Last accessed 13th Mar 2017.

foolear Essay on the Fool in Shakespeares King Lear -- King Lear ess

Importance of the Fool in King Lear       Beginning in the late 17th century, producers of King Lear removed the Fool from productions of King Lear. He did not return until 1838. Producers greatly diminished both King Lear and Lear as a result.    One should notice the importance of the Fool very early in the play. In Scene 4, Lear asks for his Fool twice. The second time is just a few lines after the first. He seems to need his Fool urgently. Yet the Fool has been pining over the loss of Cordelia (1.4. ). Yet Lear orders the Fool to come to him.    Upon the Fool's arrival, one can see the Fool is a king of teacher to Lear (1.4. ). The Fool arrives and begins to teach Lear a speech. Also, when the King is going mad, he asks the advice of the Fool. Although Lear may not realize it, he constantly depends on the Fool.    In addition to advice and teaching, the Fool adds commentary on Lear's decision. He voices what many people are thinking-Lear is the Fool. In fact, the Fool calls Lear less than a fool. He calls him nothing (1.4. ). His constant comments shed...

Creative Thinking Week 4

How might you use the strategies for applying creativity to problems and issues in addressing this topic? I would use the novel approach with a few things, first I would use it to encourage readers to research each candidate, get all the facts available and second I would be sure to have both good and bad facts as part of the article its self not as part of the end of the article, however I do like the links to other articles that pertain to that issue.I would also try to improve what the writer of the article said; I think I would have added more about this year’s campaign slogan and what the president has on his to do list. I might even ask for reader comments, or their answer to a particular question. This would incorporate the reader’s views and help me to appeal to them more. I would also try to redefine the first campaign to show how while not everything that was promised has been done, progress has been made, and we are still moving forward but we have to give th ings time, none of this happened over night and it is not going to be fixed overnight either.Most importantly I want to be sure that I present facts but in a way that sounds like I am actually saying it, I want to give it my own twist of creativity. How might you use the strategies for promoting curiosity in addressing this topic? Why do you think these strategies might be effective? By using the strategies for promoting curiosity in addressing this topic you are going deeper into your work and getting the whole picture.Curiosity is having the desire to learn, that means you ask questions, research, do everything in your power to know more about whatever it is you are curious in. I think these strategies might be effective because it allows you to go deeper and see what is lying beneath it all. You will be able to find out information that you wouldn’t be able to know from the first glance. Being curious makes you gain more knowledge, in this situation you would be able to pr ovide the best information on the topic and provide all the right answers for both sides to your readers.How might you use the various methods for producing ideas to eliminate the bias from the original article and still present a factual and persuasive case? To make my topics and articles more interesting I will use all the strategies. The reason being for using all the strategies is because I want to add more life to the article and get the viewers to fully read through my article. One of the strategies is taking a novel approach, I believe that if I take a novel approach in the article that I wrote then I ill have the readers reading the article as a story so they can get more in depth with the article. Another strategy is devising or modifying a process or system, with this I will make sure that I have a plan so that I will not be free handing through my entire article. I will also use finding new uses for existing things because the stories in the article may involve old storie s but adding new stories will brighten the article more. Lastly, inventing or redefining a concept so that my article looks the part and looks new and improved.

1984 Book Report Essays - Nineteen Eighty-Four, Proles, Julia

1984 Book Report Essays - Nineteen Eighty-Four, Proles, Julia 1984 Book Report 1984 -George Orwell SUNDAY, NOV 14, 1993 Summary Chapter 1 and 2 We are introduced to Winston Smith the main character of the story. Works at Ministry of truth. Ministry of truth is one of four government buildings in destroyed London, the main city of Airstrip One, a province of Oceania. Year is 1984 and three contries are at war, Oceania, Eurasia and Eastasia. Oceania is run by the party whose leader is Big Brother. Winston is sick of his life in the ruined city and decides to keep a diary. This is against the law in Oceania. He felt his feelings begin to hate Emmanuel Goldstein, leader of the enemy party. He also spots O'Brien, a party leader whose eyes he see's a bit of political sympthy. See's young girl who he dislikes. He feels it is only a matter of time before his though crimes are detected. A knock at the door he thinks is police. Mrs. Parsons, his neighbor is at the door and asked him to unclog a sink. He does it but smells sweat all over the apartment. Mrs. Parsons is a f ollower of party doctrine and a fellow employee at the ministry. The children are members of Spies, a youth that encourages spying and telling on traitors, including parents. Winston is revolted. He returns home and writes a couple more minutes before going back to work. He remenbers a dream where O'Brien tole him he would meet him in a place wher there is no darkness. He washes his hands and hides the diary Reaction Major ideas, conflicts and themes are introduced. We are shown how the earth has changed, into 3 main contenients. we are also introduced to the main character and how he fits into the new world. Also we are shown how the computer age has taken over peoples minds. The language is easy to understand, it has not really changed much over time. Seems like nothing left after nuclear war, just ruins remaining. We are introduced to Tom Parsons which Winston is contrasted with. The city is very drab. Quotes Big brother is watching you, the caption beneath it said Thoughtcrime w as not a thing that could be concealed for ever. 1984 -George Orwell MONDAY, NOV 15, 1993 Summary Chapter 3,4 and 5 Waking from dreams, he remembers his mother and sister, and can barely remember their disappearence and feels responsible for there deaths. He has another dream where he is in the perfect countryside with the girl he had noticed eariler. He dreamed she stripped for him. This time he is woken up by the telescreen, telling him to do his exercises. He thinks about how much power the Party has over all information. Begins work at the ministry of truth. His job is to correct printed articles in line with the Party's orders. The Ministry and records department jobs are to rewrite history to make the party look good. They get a break because of the 2 minute hate. When he gets back he replaces a speech by Big Brother with invented history. Makes up story about a man named Ogilvy. The article had become contrary to the present party policy. It is replaced as though is never exi sted. Winston meets Syme, a philologist, for lunch. Syme explains parts about Newspeak. They are joined by Parsons. Winston thinks of the fate that each co-worker will recieve. Syme will be vapourized because he is to smart, where Parsons is dull enough to escape vapourization. He is the only one who has not been taken over by the propaganda that is always being brodcast. He notices the same girl from the other day starring at him and thinks it is the thought police. Reaction The Golden country that he dreams about is definatly a release or a freedom from the the drabness of London. Also from the party. We are introduced to the fact that he has no mother or father or sisters or brothers anymore because they were taken by the party. He is realizing that he is rebelling against the party and he understands that he is at risk. Winston is in search of the truth and