Argumentative research paper arguing how negativly the meadia

Argumentative arguing how negativly the meadia influences the masses during times of war - Research Paper Example Yet, both politics and journalism make claims to a standard of objectivity that often hides the political bias in the construction of â€Å"social fact†. It is through shared communication methods such as literature, newspapers, the internet, tv news, etc. that people in modern societies form their views on complex political issues that may affect the lives of millions. Nowhere is this more exemplified than in issues of international relations or foreign policies, and the conduct of war – which has led nations across the world into millions of deaths and untold destruction primarily through the dissemination of political views and ideologies throughout large populations that permitted organized military violence by the State. In general, the television news and newspapers frame the discourse by publishing a type of collective debate between opposing viewpoints as they relate to current events and pertinent issues of social governance in a democracy. As Noam Chomsky writ es in â€Å"The Culture of Terrorism,† "The leveling of discourse within the ideological system is an extremely important matter. Part of the genius of American democracy has been to ensure that isolated individuals face concentrated state and private power alone, without the support of an organizational structure that can assist them in thinking for themselves or entering into meaningful political action, and with few avenues for public expression of fact or analysis that might challenge approved doctrine...adherence to doctrinal truth confers substantial reward: not only acceptance within the system of power and a ready path to privilege, but also the inestimable advantage of freedom from the onerous demands of thought, inquiry and argument. Conformity frees one from the burden of evidence, and rational argument is superfluous while one is marching in an approved parade.† (Chomsky, 1988) The media act as a â€Å"fourth branch† of government, essential to the he althy functioning of a democracy systematically. Minority political groups may be forced to resort to other means to organize their viewpoints and distribute them popularly if they cannot gain mass-media access, but there is little practical guarantee that minority communication channels can compete with mass-media communication networks that dominate the public construction of issues debated in modern societies politically. This is one way that political hegemony may operate in repressing views unfavorable to the status quo of hierarchical power distributions. The media never covers a war neutrally with just the facts. They report stories or fabricate ones that they believe will gain ratings or sell papers. This is the definition of â€Å"Yellow Journalism,† and it can be seen historically as the way that the public was rallied to war, from the early days of Theodore Roosevelt’s â€Å"Rough Rider† raids on Cuba to the modern conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. F rom the establishment of the news empire by William Randolph Hearst, mass-media news sources increasingly pursued a centralized, corporate model of operations that mirror in many ways the development of the superpowers themselves. The Hearst papers had the budget required to â€Å"

Research methods (surveys of work on exit strategies for business Essay

Research methods (surveys of work on exit strategies for business tenants) - Essay Example Different set of questionnaire were sent to tenants, landlords, solicitors and letting agents. The survey of the landlords, letting agents and solicitors were framed as representing an investigation into their overall activity rather than transaction specific questions. In the case of property research a mixed method of analysis of secondary data and survey and questionnaire method is often employed to conduct the research. Through the analysis of the secondary data the research would be able to get the numerical data for the completion of the empirical studies relating to the study, while the interviews and surveys bring out the qualitative aspects of the subject under study. In property researches meaningful results can be obtained only when the researcher combines quantitative data and qualitative information in his studies. In order to achieve the research objectives of ascertaining the impact of quantitative variations and to identify the salient features of different market mechanisms on the impact of the subject under study the adoption of mixed research methods is the appropriate suggestion. For instance in the study Corsby et al (2006) the interviews and surveys combined with the data provided by IPD made the research meaningful and gave precise answers to the research questions. Property Research Studies are not only used for Instrumental purposes to Underpin policy, but should also have a Normative Purpose Basically a clear and concise knowledge of the ontological and epistemological assumptions that explain the research studies and the process of research is necessary to (i) understand the interrelationship of research methodology and methods, (ii) avoid the resulting confusion on discussions relating to theoretical debates and approaches to social phenomena and (iii) be able to have a complete recognition of one's own and also others' position with respect to the issues related to the study (Jonathan Grix). The achieving of the above objectives along with the other objective of fully grasping the directional relationship of key components of the research process logically substantiates the view that the research studies are to have a normative purpose in addition to the instrumental purpose. It is important that the research studies encompass a normative approach so that the logical, directional relationship between the key components of research is clearly understood. Unless the normative purpose is taken into account, the quantitative data may not show the impact and influence of the questions the researcher is asking and also the type of project the research has undertaken to study. It is also not possible that a research may begin with the inference on any of the quantitative data at any stage. The researcher cannot first choose the research method and work backwards through the methodology to achieve his/her research objectives. By taking into account the normative purpose the researcher is allowed to follow a method-led approach to the research study than a question-led research. This makes the research questions point towards the most fitting research method. Unless a normative approach is followed the logic of interconnectedness between the key