The indigenous cultures of the Americas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The indigenous cultures of the Americas - Essay Example According to the historians, Holmberg spent his time in the 1940s among the Sirono tribes and decided to call them the most culturally backward people in the entire world. He stated that these tribes had no religion, no art or design, no musical instruments, no domestic animals and no clothes, and lived in constant hunger and want. They couldn’t even make fire or count to three. Mann decided to argue against these findings with deep respect. He stated that Holmberg thought that the people before Columbus had no real history, while he did not take into account that people before Columbus were just persecuted survivors and had been totally devastated with the smallpox and influenza in the 1920s. Mann detailed his personal experience with the pre-Columbian times history within the article that he discussed in his book, according to which he said that during his times in the high school, he learned that the Indians came over to the land of Americas over 12000 years ago across the Bering Strait, and these Indians lived in isolated and small groups and had little to no impact over the environment. As a result, the land of Americas remained wild and barren even after millennia of habitation. In the introduction of his book, he compares his research with Holmberg’s and initially it seems as if both are two different pieces altogether. However, after reading the entire book, it becomes apparent that the investigation of anthropologists had come up to wrong conclusions. The greatest mistake according to Mann is the assumption that many historians made assuming that the Indians had no history before the arrival of Columbus on the continent. Mann looked at the history before Columbus from various points of views, and ended up making a specific kind of anthropological revolution. According to the investigations that he made about the life of the contemporaries and the field of culture showed that the Indians took proper and

Fundamentals of Microeconomics Essay Example for Free

Fundamentals of Microeconomics Essay Macroeconomics defined as â€Å"the study of the economy as a whole, which includes inflation, unemployment, business cycles, and growth† (Colander, G-5). There are many fundamentals that affect the economy in both a good and bad way. These fundamentals affect the economy, and they also show the growth of the economy. The fundamentals are gross domestic product (GDP), real gross domestic product, nominal gross domestic product, unemployment rate, inflation rate, and interest rate. Defining the fundamentals Gross Domestic Product is â€Å"the total market value of all final goods and services produced in an economy in a one-year period† (Colander, G-3). GDP calculation is very important because it calculates the growth, decline, or stand still have the economy. When the GDP is calculate, it is base on previous numbers not future numbers. For example, the GDP is +2%, which means a growth of 2% for the previous year. Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is â€Å"the market value of final goods and services produced in an economy, stated in the prices of the giver year† (Colander, G-7). Real GDP is an inflation measure of the production of goods and services in the economy. It reflects price changes throughout the year. The real GDP is base more on realistic numbers instead of a guess. The calculation is more accurate concerning the gross domestic product for the previous year. Nominal gross domestic product is calculate at existing prices. Nominal GDP does not reflect inflation and is known as â€Å"current dollar GDP.† Nominal GDP can either be higher or lower than the GDP. When nominal GDP is calculate without reflecting inflation, which can show a higher growth in the economy when it is lower or at a standstill. Unemployment rate is â€Å"the percentage of people in the economy who are willing and able to work but who are not working† (Colander, G-9). The unemployment rate is calculate every month, and it shows the people who are looking for work. This rate does not include individual like the elderly, people working only a few hours a week or people who do not send resumes into different business. The unemployment rate shows that based on the number of people in the United States, a certain percentage is actively looking for work but has not found work. Inflation Rate is the percentage rate of change in price over a certain period usually a year. The inflation rate is calculate using last year price for a particular item to determine how much it will cost. Inflation rate determines the price of many things that include the price of the dollar. When individual calculates the inflation rate, it can help others determine if it is better to buy certain products today or later. Interest Rate is â€Å"the price paid for the use of financial asset† (Colander, G-4). Interest rate is a certain percentage that an individual has to pay on borrowing money or purchasing something. The interest rate is base on the credit score and the item purchase. The rate can go from being a very low number to as high as 10 percent. Purchasing of Groceries The purchase of groceries affects government, households, and business daily. The government determines the tax placed when household purchase groceries. Every household in the United States purchase groceries to survive. The businesses are affected by grocery purchase through the purchase. The business is affected by the purchases made because it shows what is being purchase more and what is being purchase less. The flow of resources take place in continues circular motion. The groceries are receive by the business from the local food processing plants. The employees at the local business placed the items on the shelves and groceries are ready for sell. The household members purchase the groceries from the business and pay the taxes government placed on the items. This continues to take place daily and will always continue. Massive layoff of employees The flow of resources takes place, and it affects businesses in both good and bad ways. Most business can employee the previous laid-off employees to allow taxes to be paid. When businesses are not able to employ more employees, unemployed do not demand good and services. When employees are layoff, there is no income coming into the household. The household is affected because there is no income, which in return means less good and service that can be purchase. When massive layoffs of employees take place in the economy, it affects government because they are paying unemployment benefits, Medicaid, and giving food stamps and more welfare to those eligible. Decrease in taxes When the government decides to decrease tax, it affects everyone differently. Government is affected in a good way, but it occurs in the long-run supply and demand curve. The government is losing more because taxes are lower but more money is being receive. In the long-run supply and demand, the government receives more money because the household is purchasing more good and services. The household is excite because more money is coming into the household because taxes are lower. The lower the tax, the more income, which mean more good and services are being purchase. Businesses are excite because more goods and services are being purchase. The flow of resources occurs and is affected in the long-run supply and demand curve. References Colander, D.C. (2010). Macroeconomics (8th ed.) Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Importance of Breakfast in Relation to Obesity

Importance of Breakfast in Relation to Obesity A critical evaluation Through many influential sources, such as research and advertising, breakfast has been widely portrayed as the most important meal of the day. In fact, much epidemiological evidence tends to support this notion by demonstrating that breakfast skipping leads to an increased risk of obesity (McCrory et al, 2014; Browns et al, 2013). Since the 1980s, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has sharply risen worldwide, with 1.9 billion adults being characterized as overweight and 600 million as obese in 2014 (WHO, 2015). In the UK alone, the proportion of men and women characterized as obese has increased by 14% and 10% from the early 1990s to 2015 (Public Health England, 2017). For an individual, obesity is usually the result of an imbalance between energy consumed and energy expended (WHO, 2016). Although energy imbalance ultimately leads to weight gain, the primary factors are not yet completely understood. Currently, there is no evidence linking specific foods to obesity, however re cently, much attention has been given to eating behaviours, such as breakfast eating, as they may represent a combined effect of a number of nutrients, and breakfast habits could potentially demonstrate an interplay between other lifestyle factors, such as an overall poor diet and physical inactivity. If eating behaviours are observed to be causally linked to weight gain, then they could potentially represent practical strategies for obesity prevention. On these grounds, this essay will explore a wide variety of evidence regarding the association between breakfast skipping and weight gain. Furthermore, we shall discuss whether breakfast eating habits have been linked with overall dietary health and physical activity, as these factors are now known to be strongly linked with obesity. It is reasonable to assume that ones beliefs about breakfast will influence the likelihood of an individual engaging in this behaviour. For example, early research reported that the majority of habitual breakfast eaters believed that breakfast was important for providing energy and increasing productivity throughout the morning (Chapman et al, 1998). More recently, among a UK national representative sample, it was reported that 64% of the population habitually consumed breakfast, whilst 6% skipped it. Moreover, the breakfast eaters believed that breakfast maintained weight control, whereas breakfast skippers believed that missing breakfast supported weight loss (Reeves et al, 2013). This evidence signifies that eating behaviours, such as breakfast skipping, are largely determined by what individuals believe. Some beliefs about scientific matters are thought true despite substantial evidence disproving them, whereas other science-based beliefs are allegedly true even though inadequate evidence exists to support or disprove them (McCrory et al, 2014). This is important because a widely accepted belief is that frequently consuming breakfast compared with skipping breakfast is preventative of weight gain or causes weight loss. A recent meta-analysis reported that the risk for overweight and obesity increases by 55% when breakfast is skipped (Browns et al, 2013).   As this association has often been reported, a theory has been developed which, if correct, may potentially explain how breakfast skipping can lead to weight gain.   The theory states that when breakfast is skipped, there is an overcompensation for the energy missed at breakfast by ingesting more energy than one otherwise would have consumed at breakfast alone (Pereira et al, 2011). On the other hand, lets also consider that breakfast skipping could result in no weight change over time (in a scenario where breakfast skipping does not lead to overcompensation) or to weight loss (in a scenario where there is absence of compensation). While cross-sectional studies have generally reported that breakfast skipping leads to weight gain, currently, there are limited high quality experimental evidence supporting this notion. It is also impor tant to point out that all of the studies reviewed in the Browns et al (2013) meta-analysis, were cross-sectional thereby causality cannot be concluded from their à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ndings. Whilst randomized controlled trials do not directly allow conclusions to be drawn concerning fluctuations in energy balance, they do allow for conclusions to be made about temporary changes which, if constant over time, could potentially result in changes in energy balance. Yet, short-duration (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 1 week) randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of breakfast skipping on successive energy intake have been equivocal (Astbury et al, 2011; Leidy et al, 2013; Levitsky et al, 2013). For example two of these studies reported that impromptu lunch intake was greater after breakfast skipping, compared to when breakfast was consumed (Astbury et al, 2011; Leidy et al, 2013). In contrast, Levitsky et al (2013) showed under compensation at lunch, signifying that the collective intake across breakfast and lunch remained lower in the breakfast skipping condition. On the other hand, longer-duration (2-3 weeks) randomized controlled trials do not appear to show a relationshi p between breakfast skipping and weight gain (Farshchi et al, 2005; Schlundt et al, 1992; Tuttle et al, 1950). Although the results of these experimental trials are varied, they do not support for the theory that breakfast skipping leads to overeating. Furthermore, in prospective studies with up to 10 years follow-up, it has been observed that individuals who regularly ingest breakfast appear to gain less weight (Odegaard et al, 2013; Purslow et al, 2008; van der Heijden et al, 2007). One explanation for this could be that skipping breakfast may merely be an indication of overall lifestyle, for example, substantial evidence suggests that skipping breakfast is associated with a less nutritious diet and less physical activity (Szajewska et al, 2010; Rampersaud et al, 2005). This is significant because both of these modifiable factors are strongly correlated with the increased risk of obesity and other chronic diseases. For example, much epidemiological evidence shows a relationship between eating breakfast and healthier food choices and dietary habits (Skinner et al, 1985; Lattimore et al, 2010), whereas, breakfast skippers are associated with whole diets that are inadequate (Christakis et al, 1968; Serra-Majem et al, 2002). Of the s tudies mentioned above, two are outdated, nevertheless, they have been included to demonstrate that the association between breakfast consumption and healthy lifestyle habits has been repeatedly observed over the last 50 years or so, demonstrating that this relationship has remained constant over time. To further explain the results mentioned above, a recent review by Rampersaud et al (2005), revealed that habitual breakfast skippers were more likely to be overweight compared to breakfast eaters, regardless of a higher overall energy intake in the breakfast eating group. It is possible that the combination of breakfast skipping with additional poor eating behaviours, such as an insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption, is contributing to the results observed in this study, as it has been previously established that a low intake of fruit and vegetables increases the risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Hamer et al, 2007). Regarding physical activity, much epidemiological evidence reports that breakfast skippers are less likely to participate in physical activity (Cohen et al, 2003; Keski-Rahkonen et al, 2003; Aarnio et al, 2002). A proposed mechanism is that skipping breakfast may lead to lethargy and physical inactivity throughout the day (Pollitt et al, 1998; Meyers et al, 1989 ; Shaw et al, 1998) thereby contributing to positive energy balance and thus weight gain. Although there is a vast amount of evidence supporting the idea that breakfast skipping is associated with poor dietary habits and physical inactivity, no conclusions can be drawn yet as the evidence which has mostly found these positive associations have been drawn from cross-sectional and prospective studies which as mentioned before, do not prove causality. Clearly, obesity is a significant public health problem due to its high prevalence and important health consequences. Therefore, in order to provide practical recommendations for the control and/or prevention of obesity, its causal factors must be identfied. Although there is substantial evidence linking breakfast skipping to weight gain, a reasoned conclusion cannot be drawn as the majority of studies reporting this association merely identify a relationship, not a causal pathway as they are cross-sectional or observational studies. On the other hand, experimental trials can usually determine causation.   Regarding the trials reviewed in this essay, short-term trials have demonstrated effects of breakfast skipping on energy intake and appetite later in the day, although together these results are ambiguous, also longer-term randomized controlled trials have not show effects of breakfast skipping on energy imbalance and subsequent weight change. Overall, the evidence we have discussed here does not strongly support the widely accepted theory that breakfast skipping leads to an overcompensation of energy in subsequent meals, nor does the evidence support a common belief that breakfast contributes to weight gain or loss. It can however be argued that whether an individual eats breakfast or not, this will not directly influence their risk of weight gain or obesity. In fact it could be argued that other lifestyle behaviours, such as physical inactivity and inadequate diets, are actually the factors driving this observed association. An integral issue when evaluating the impact that lifestyle behaviours have on obesity is that these behaviours are very difficult to precisely measure within a large, generalizable population. Equally, trying to establish that one factor alone is impacting weight gain is a difficult task, as seen in this essay, many factors interact with and affect each other. Therefore, as to whether breakfast is t he most important meal of the day with regards to the obesity, the jury is still out, so to speak. In the meantime, the simple recommendation to eat less and exercise more appears to still be the most effective tool in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Words: 1569 References Aarnio, M., Winter, T., Kujala, U. and Kaprio, J., (2002). Associations of health related behaviour, social relationships, and health status with persistent physical activity and inactivity: a study of Finnish adolescent twins. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(5), p360-364. Astbury, N.M., Taylor, M.A. and Macdonald, I.A., (2011). Breakfast consumption affects appetite, energy intake, and the metabolic and endocrine responses to foods consumed later in the day in male habitual breakfast eaters. The Journal of nutrition, 141 (7), p1381-1389. Brown, A.W., Brown, M.M.B. and Allison, D.B., 2013. Belief beyond the evidence: using the proposed effect of breakfast on obesity to show 2 practices that distort scientific evidence. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 98(5), pp.1298-1308. Chapman, G.E. and Melton, C.L., (1998). College and university students breakfast consumption patterns: behaviours, beliefs, motivations and personal and environmental influences. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 59 (4), p176. Christakis, G., Miridjanian, A., Nath, L., Khurana, H.S., Cowell, C., Archer, M., Frank, O., Ziffer, H., Baker, H. and James, G., 1968. A nutritional epidemiologic investigation of 642 New York City children. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 21 (1), p107-126. Cohen, B., Evers, S., Manske, S., Bercovitz, K. and Edward, H.G., (2003). Smoking, physical activity and breakfast consumption among secondary school students in a southwestern Ontario community. Canadian Journal of Public Health/Revue Canadienne de Santee Publique, p41-44. Farshchi, H.R., Taylor, M.A. and Macdonald, I.A., (2005). Deleterious effects of omitting breakfast on insulin sensitivity and fasting lipid profiles in healthy lean women. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 81 (2), p388-396. Hamer, M. and Chida, Y., (2007). Intake of fruit, vegetables, and antioxidants and risk of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of hypertension, 25 (12), p2361-2369. Keski-Rahkonen, A., Kaprio, J., Rissanen, A., Virkkunen, M. and Rose, R.J., (2003). Breakfast skipping and health-compromising behaviors in adolescents and adults. European journal of clinical nutrition, 57(7), p842-853. Lattimore, P., Walton, J., Bartlett, S., Hackett, A. and Stevenson, L., (2010). Regular consumption of a cereal breakfast. Effects on mood and body image satisfaction in adult non-obese women. Appetite, 55(3), p512-521. Leidy, H.J., Ortinau, L.C., Douglas, S.M. and Hoertel, H.A., (2013). Beneficial effects of a higher-protein breakfast on the appetitive, hormonal, and neural signals controlling energy intake regulation in overweight/obese,breakfast-skipping, late-adolescent girls. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 97(4), p677-688. Levitsky, D.A. and Pacanowski, C.R., (2013). Effect of skipping breakfast on subsequent energy intake. Physiology behavior, 119, p9-16. McCrory, M.A., (2014). Meal skipping and variables related to energy balance in adults: A brief review, with emphasis on the breakfast meal. Physiology behavior, 134, p51-54. Meyers, A.F., (1989). Undernutrition, hunger, and learning in children. Nutrition news (USA). Odegaard, A.O., Jacobs, D.R., Steffen, L.M., Van Horn, L., Ludwig, D.S. and Pereira, M.A., (2013). Breakfast frequency and development of metabolic risk. Diabetes care, 36 (10), p3100-3106. Pereira, M.A., Erickson, E., McKee, P., Schrankler, K., Raatz, S.K., Lytle, L.A. and Pellegrini, A.D., (2011). Breakfast frequency and quality may affect glycemia and appetite in adults and children. The Journal of nutrition, 141(1), p163-168. Pollitt, E. and Mathews, R., (1998). Breakfast and cognition: an integrative summary. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 67(4), p804-813. Public Health England contributor. (2017). Adult Obesity. Available: http://www.noo.org.uk/NOO_about_obesity/adult_obesity. Last accessed 13th Mar 2017. Purslow, L.R., Sandhu, M.S., Forouhi, N., Young, E.H., Luben, R.N., Welch, A.A., Khaw, K.T., Bingham, S.A. and Wareham, N.J., 2008. Energy intake at breakfast and weight change: prospective study of 6,764 middle-aged men and women. American journal of epidemiology, 167(2), p188-192. Rampersaud, G.C., Pereira, M.A., Girard, B.L., Adams, J. and Metzl, J.D., (2005). Breakfast habits, nutritional status, body weight, and academic performance in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 105(5), p743-760. Reeves, S., Halsey, L.G., McMeel, Y. and Huber, J.W., (2013). Breakfast habits, beliefs and measures of health and wellbeing in a nationally representative UK sample. Appetite, 60, p51-57. Schlundt, D.G., Hill, J.O., Sbrocco, T., Pope-Cordle, J. and Sharp, T., (1992). The role of breakfast in the treatment of obesity: a randomized clinical trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 55(3), p645-651. Serra-Majem, L., Bartrina, J.A., Pà ©rez-Rodrigo, C., Ribas-Barba, L. and Delgado-Rubio, A., (2006). Prevalence and deteminants of obesity in Spanish children and young people. British Journal of Nutrition, 96(1), p67-72. Shaw, M.E., (1998). Adolescent breakfast skipping: an Australian study. Adolescence, 33(132), p851-862. Skinner, J.D., Salvetti, N.N., Ezell, J.M., Penfield, M.P. and Costello, C.A., (1985). Appalachian adolescents eating patterns and nutrient intakes. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 85(9), p1093-1099. Szajewska, H. and RuszczyÅ„ski, M., (2010). Systematic review demonstrating that breakfast consumption influences body weight outcomes in children and adolescents in Europe. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 50(2), p113-119. Tuttle, W.W., Daum, K., Myers, L. and Martin, C., (1950). Effect of omitting breakfast on the physiologic response of men. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 26, p332-335. Heijden, A.A., Hu, F.B., Rimm, E.B. and Dam, R.M., (2007). A prospective study of breakfast consumption and weight gain among US men. Obesity, 15(10), p2463-2469. WHO contributor. (2015). facts on obesity. Available: http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/obesity/facts/en/index4.html. Last accessed 13th Mar 2017. WHO contributor. (2016). Obesity and overweight. Available: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/. Last accessed 13th Mar 2017.

foolear Essay on the Fool in Shakespeares King Lear -- King Lear ess

Importance of the Fool in King Lear       Beginning in the late 17th century, producers of King Lear removed the Fool from productions of King Lear. He did not return until 1838. Producers greatly diminished both King Lear and Lear as a result.    One should notice the importance of the Fool very early in the play. In Scene 4, Lear asks for his Fool twice. The second time is just a few lines after the first. He seems to need his Fool urgently. Yet the Fool has been pining over the loss of Cordelia (1.4. ). Yet Lear orders the Fool to come to him.    Upon the Fool's arrival, one can see the Fool is a king of teacher to Lear (1.4. ). The Fool arrives and begins to teach Lear a speech. Also, when the King is going mad, he asks the advice of the Fool. Although Lear may not realize it, he constantly depends on the Fool.    In addition to advice and teaching, the Fool adds commentary on Lear's decision. He voices what many people are thinking-Lear is the Fool. In fact, the Fool calls Lear less than a fool. He calls him nothing (1.4. ). His constant comments shed...

Creative Thinking Week 4

How might you use the strategies for applying creativity to problems and issues in addressing this topic? I would use the novel approach with a few things, first I would use it to encourage readers to research each candidate, get all the facts available and second I would be sure to have both good and bad facts as part of the article its self not as part of the end of the article, however I do like the links to other articles that pertain to that issue.I would also try to improve what the writer of the article said; I think I would have added more about this year’s campaign slogan and what the president has on his to do list. I might even ask for reader comments, or their answer to a particular question. This would incorporate the reader’s views and help me to appeal to them more. I would also try to redefine the first campaign to show how while not everything that was promised has been done, progress has been made, and we are still moving forward but we have to give th ings time, none of this happened over night and it is not going to be fixed overnight either.Most importantly I want to be sure that I present facts but in a way that sounds like I am actually saying it, I want to give it my own twist of creativity. How might you use the strategies for promoting curiosity in addressing this topic? Why do you think these strategies might be effective? By using the strategies for promoting curiosity in addressing this topic you are going deeper into your work and getting the whole picture.Curiosity is having the desire to learn, that means you ask questions, research, do everything in your power to know more about whatever it is you are curious in. I think these strategies might be effective because it allows you to go deeper and see what is lying beneath it all. You will be able to find out information that you wouldn’t be able to know from the first glance. Being curious makes you gain more knowledge, in this situation you would be able to pr ovide the best information on the topic and provide all the right answers for both sides to your readers.How might you use the various methods for producing ideas to eliminate the bias from the original article and still present a factual and persuasive case? To make my topics and articles more interesting I will use all the strategies. The reason being for using all the strategies is because I want to add more life to the article and get the viewers to fully read through my article. One of the strategies is taking a novel approach, I believe that if I take a novel approach in the article that I wrote then I ill have the readers reading the article as a story so they can get more in depth with the article. Another strategy is devising or modifying a process or system, with this I will make sure that I have a plan so that I will not be free handing through my entire article. I will also use finding new uses for existing things because the stories in the article may involve old storie s but adding new stories will brighten the article more. Lastly, inventing or redefining a concept so that my article looks the part and looks new and improved.

1984 Book Report Essays - Nineteen Eighty-Four, Proles, Julia

1984 Book Report Essays - Nineteen Eighty-Four, Proles, Julia 1984 Book Report 1984 -George Orwell SUNDAY, NOV 14, 1993 Summary Chapter 1 and 2 We are introduced to Winston Smith the main character of the story. Works at Ministry of truth. Ministry of truth is one of four government buildings in destroyed London, the main city of Airstrip One, a province of Oceania. Year is 1984 and three contries are at war, Oceania, Eurasia and Eastasia. Oceania is run by the party whose leader is Big Brother. Winston is sick of his life in the ruined city and decides to keep a diary. This is against the law in Oceania. He felt his feelings begin to hate Emmanuel Goldstein, leader of the enemy party. He also spots O'Brien, a party leader whose eyes he see's a bit of political sympthy. See's young girl who he dislikes. He feels it is only a matter of time before his though crimes are detected. A knock at the door he thinks is police. Mrs. Parsons, his neighbor is at the door and asked him to unclog a sink. He does it but smells sweat all over the apartment. Mrs. Parsons is a f ollower of party doctrine and a fellow employee at the ministry. The children are members of Spies, a youth that encourages spying and telling on traitors, including parents. Winston is revolted. He returns home and writes a couple more minutes before going back to work. He remenbers a dream where O'Brien tole him he would meet him in a place wher there is no darkness. He washes his hands and hides the diary Reaction Major ideas, conflicts and themes are introduced. We are shown how the earth has changed, into 3 main contenients. we are also introduced to the main character and how he fits into the new world. Also we are shown how the computer age has taken over peoples minds. The language is easy to understand, it has not really changed much over time. Seems like nothing left after nuclear war, just ruins remaining. We are introduced to Tom Parsons which Winston is contrasted with. The city is very drab. Quotes Big brother is watching you, the caption beneath it said Thoughtcrime w as not a thing that could be concealed for ever. 1984 -George Orwell MONDAY, NOV 15, 1993 Summary Chapter 3,4 and 5 Waking from dreams, he remembers his mother and sister, and can barely remember their disappearence and feels responsible for there deaths. He has another dream where he is in the perfect countryside with the girl he had noticed eariler. He dreamed she stripped for him. This time he is woken up by the telescreen, telling him to do his exercises. He thinks about how much power the Party has over all information. Begins work at the ministry of truth. His job is to correct printed articles in line with the Party's orders. The Ministry and records department jobs are to rewrite history to make the party look good. They get a break because of the 2 minute hate. When he gets back he replaces a speech by Big Brother with invented history. Makes up story about a man named Ogilvy. The article had become contrary to the present party policy. It is replaced as though is never exi sted. Winston meets Syme, a philologist, for lunch. Syme explains parts about Newspeak. They are joined by Parsons. Winston thinks of the fate that each co-worker will recieve. Syme will be vapourized because he is to smart, where Parsons is dull enough to escape vapourization. He is the only one who has not been taken over by the propaganda that is always being brodcast. He notices the same girl from the other day starring at him and thinks it is the thought police. Reaction The Golden country that he dreams about is definatly a release or a freedom from the the drabness of London. Also from the party. We are introduced to the fact that he has no mother or father or sisters or brothers anymore because they were taken by the party. He is realizing that he is rebelling against the party and he understands that he is at risk. Winston is in search of the truth and

Word Choice Reoccur vs. Recur

Word Choice Reoccur vs. Recur Word Choice: Reoccur vs. Recur Many of the homophones we look at on this blog have completely different uses from one another. But â€Å"reoccur† and â€Å"recur† can both mean â€Å"happen again.† So are they interchangeable? Not always! There is a subtle difference between these terms, as we will explain below. Reoccur (Happen Again) â€Å"Reoccur† is a verb that means â€Å"happen again.† In fact, it is literally a combination of the prefix â€Å"re-† (meaning â€Å"again†) and â€Å"occur† (meaning â€Å"happen†). As such, we could say: Symptoms may reoccur if treatment is discontinued. Here, for example, we’re saying that the symptoms may occur again. Frequency does not matter with this term, so we can use â€Å"reoccur† even if something has only happened twice: Patrick’s back problem from last summer reoccurred. In the sentence above, for instance, we’re describing the second occurrence of something. But we’re not saying it happens regularly or frequently. Recur (Happen at Regular Intervals) â€Å"Recur† is another verb that means of â€Å"happen again.† For example: Symptoms may recur if treatment is discontinued. This sense of â€Å"recur† is thus interchangeable with â€Å"reoccur.† However, â€Å"recur† can also mean ‘happens repeatedly or at regular intervals’. For instance: Fear of technological change recurs throughout Dickens’ writing. In this sentence, â€Å"recur† implies that Dickens returns to the theme of technological fear repeatedly in his writing, not simply that he wrote about it a couple of times. So when something happens frequently or regularly, it is better to use â€Å"recur† than â€Å"reoccur.† Summary: Reoccur or Recur? While â€Å"recur† and â€Å"reoccur† are usually close in meaning, they do differ in some cases. Keep the following guideline in mind: To reoccur is to happen more than once, regardless of how often. To recur means to happen repeatedly or at regular intervals. Thus, if something happens repeatedly or regularly (e.g., the sunrise), you can say it â€Å"recurs.† But if something has happened more than once without happening regularly, use â€Å"reoccur† instead. And if you’d like more help your word choice, don’t forget our outstanding proofreading service.