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Nokia Values That Make a Company Global Free Essays

string(36) the Intellectual Capital Partners. Vital Hr MaNaGeMeNT contextual analysis with showing notes Nokia: Values That Make a Company Global By Geraldine Willigan, MBA Project group Author: SHRM venture giver: External patron: Copy altering: Design: Geraldine Willigan, MBA Nancy A. Woolever, SPHR Ram Charan, Ph. D. We will compose a custom exposition test on Nokia: Values That Make a Company Global or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Katya Scanlan, duplicate editorial manager Terry Biddle, visual planner  © 2009 Society for Human Resource Management. Geraldine Willigan, MBA. This case was set up by Geraldine Willigan, MBA, previous supervisor at Harvard Business Review, under management of Ram Charan, Ph. D. , previous employee at Harvard Business School, champ of best instructor grant at Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management, and a normal educator in official projects over the globe. The creators thankfully recognize the assistance of Juha Akras, Ian Gee, Antti Miettinen, Arja Souminen, Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo, Hallstein Moerk, Tero Ojanpera and Shiv Shivakumar. Note to Hr workforce and educators: SHRM cases and modules are expected for use in HR homerooms at colleges. Instructing notes are incorporated with each. While our present plan is to make the materials accessible without charge, we claim all authority to force charges should we esteem it important to help the program. Be that as it may, at present, these assets are accessible gratis to all. If you don't mind copy just the quantity of duplicates required, one for every understudy in the class. For more data, if you don't mind contact: SHRM Academic Initiatives 1800 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA Phone: (800) 283-7476 Fax: (703) 535-6432 Web: www. shrm. organization/instruction/hreducation 09-0353 Nokia: Values That Make a Company Global Presentation In the late spring of 2006, the worldwide serious scene wherein Nokia was working was changing at an astoundingly quick pace. Market development was moving to rising nations, cell phones were being commoditized, handset costs were declining, systems were joining (Nokia had recently combined its own systems foundation business with that of Siemens, framing Nokia Siemens Networks, or NSN), Microsoft and Apple were making pushes toward cell phones, new innovations were being created, and new vital open doors were emerging as cell phones were turning into the entryway to the Internet. To win in such a quick paced and strongly serious condition, the organization needed to move with speed and make a brilliant showing of fulfilling purchasers. Dynamic would need to happen at the most reduced conceivable level to mirror the characteristics of the nearby markets while utilizing the intensity of Nokia’s assorted individuals, its image, its money related assets, and its innovation and structure aptitude. Cooperation among local people and base camp and among different societies and accomplices was vital. Nokia led broad meetings with individuals inside and outside the organization, including accomplices and providers, to see how Nokia was seen and how it may need to change. That exploration educated a number regarding activities and restored the attention on Nokia’s culture and, specifically, its qualities. From Paper Mill to Conglomerate to Global Brand Nokia, headquartered in Espoo, close to Helsinki, Finland, is the world’s biggest versatile handset producer. It holds somewhere in the range of 40 percent of the worldwide gadget advertise as of the second quarter of 2008. It works in 150 nations and had in excess of 117,000 representatives, including NSN, starting late June 2008. It is the first class brand all around. Yearly incomes for 2007 were $74. 6 billion (51. 1 billion euros). The organization started in the late 1800s as a paper factory, at that point developed into a differentiated modern organization and was an early contestant in the portable time during the 1980s. During the 1990s, CEO Jorma Ollila rebuilt the combination to concentrate on cell phones and media communications, and Nokia turned into the innovation and market pioneer, beginning first in Europe, at that point extending to the United States and many other 2009 Society for Human asset Management. Geraldine Willigan, MBa 1 created and developing economies, including China and India. In the mid 2000s, Nokia was quickly tested by Motorola and Samsung yet had the option to keep up and soon to expand the lead. In 2006, Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo (OPK, as he is known at Nokia) became CEO. Nokia’s technique around then was changed to cover both the cell phone advertise just as administrations and programming. In 2007, Nokia reported that it would turn out to be progressively similar to an Internet organization. Changing the Culture for the New Challenges As Nokia’s pioneers contemplated what might hold individuals together and improve cooperation and speed over their huge worldwide organization, they showed up at an answerâ€culture, of which esteems had for quite some time been an establishment. Qualities adjust people’s hearts and passionate vitality and characterize how Nokia representatives (â€Å"Nokians†) work with one another and the remainder of the world. Since Nokia’s existing qualities had been unaltered for over 10 years and research appeared there was some vacillation about them inside, the official load up, included the CEO and around twelve senior pioneers, concluded the time had come to reconsider the qualities. OPK chose a group of individuals to make a procedure for doing as such. The test to the group was to get all the individuals of Nokia mentally locked in. With regards to Nokia’s culture, the qualities would need to be the consequence of â€Å"the many† speaking with â€Å"the many. † Assigning this errand was not trifling. It necessitated that senior administration be resolved to live with the result. The qualities that rose up out of the base up would need to be paid attention to and stickâ€or the association would be genuinely hurt. As the group got the opportunity to work and investigated the alternatives, they established that the best methodology is consolidate cutting edge and high touch. The innovative piece of the qualities creation procedure would be through the â€Å"Nokia Jam†Ã¢â‚¬using IBM’s Jamming innovation that would permit all Nokians to take part in an online exchange. The hightouch part would get using the World Cafe strategy. The World Cafe strategy had jumped up in the mid 1990s to oblige an enormous gathering of individuals from different controls and remote around the globe who needed to examine issues of regular intrigue. 2 That gathering was known as the Intellectual Capital Partners. You read Nokia: Values That Make a Company Global in classification Papers To make a casual discussion among such a large number of individuals, members were isolated into little gatherings situated around tables to examine a given inquiry. The gatherings would then over and again scatter and people would turn to different tables, so thoughts were dispersed, cross-pollinated and consolidated. As the discussions proceeded, facilitators ordered the thoughts that rose. The World Cafe technique had been utilized in some little pockets inside Nokia however had never been taken a stab at a companywide scale. The idea was correct, however it was unrealistic for every one of the 50,000 or more Nokians to straightforwardly take part in an exchange. So the thought developed to have a subset of individuals from across Nokia get together to talk about Nokia values with an absolutely fresh start, as though they were reproducing Nokia on the planet Mars. 2  © 2009 Society for Human asset Management. Geraldine Willigan, MBa An outing to Mars turned into the analogy for amassing a cross-segment of Nokians to take an interest in the World Cafe design and make the new qualities. Nokia’s Trip to Mars Nokia created 5,000 rich, outwardly energizing solicitations that seemed as though tickets and carrier tickets. These were sent in packs through snail mail to individuals at different authoritative levels and useful zones, including HR, in every one of the specialty units. The guidance to the beneficiaries was to figure out how to arbitrarily circulate their pack to individuals in their workplaces and production lines whom they would trust to have a conversation about Nokia’s qualities and culture. The beneficiaries could likewise save a ticket for themselves. Each ticket was in a â€Å"wallet† that depicted what Nokia was doing. It expressed the present qualities and gave guidelines for how to continue, first by setting off to the Nokia Way site to find out more and to enlist for a bistro in their neighborhood. Members additionally got two gear labels, which they should talk about with their associates already: a green one, which spoke to the qualities or thoughts Nokia ought to make certain to take with it as the organization pushed ahead, and a dark one, for things that could be deserted. Nokia held 16 bistros in 60 days around the globe. In excess of 100 workers speaking to a cross-segment of Nokia went to every one. The day of the bistro, little gatherings talked about a foreordained arrangement of inquiries. One individual filled in as host and remained at the table while every other person pivoted to different tables, in the long run coming back to their unique spots. Individuals had paid attention to the arrangement very and met their groups early; some brought piles of paper with different notes and thoughts. As the conversations occurred, thoughts started to develop and join. Facilitators caught them graphically and in composed contents. The yields from every bistro were then transferred to the Nokia Way site, and everybody at Nokia approached it and was welcome to remark. A few thousand additional workers had the option to take part in the discourse through the methods for the site, offering their thoughts and making recommendations and some of the time posing inquiries they trusted the following bistro would address. The meetings were likewise recorded and altered into short video writes that were so clever and drawing in that they logged around 30,000 visits. The video web journals, as well, evoked remarks from individual

The Ecology Of English Language In Saudi Arabia Article

The Ecology Of English Language In Saudi Arabia Article The Ecology Of English Language In Saudi Arabia â€" Article Example > According to Haugen, language ecology refers to the study of communications between any given languages as well as its environment. The range and scope of the application of the known concept of ‘ecology’ has widened dramatically. The ecology of English in Saudi Arabia is closely linked to 19th century. It was established by the British protectorate during the colonial era. Saudi Arabians are known to be Arab speakers. However, due to British trade interest in various regions of Saudi Arabia, English began to develop. Even though, the Arabic language is still used, survey shows that English is widely spoken, especially in areas such as businesses (Haugen Pp 12-24). Saudi Arabia population is estimated to be over 18.7 million in the year 1995. According to the 1992 census, ¼ of its population were particularly the expatriate workers from the Middle East, Asia or Africa. An estimate of about 90% its population is basically Arabs, either Saudi citizens or workers. Their official language is Arabic. The remaining 10% speak English language. English is a language that is mostly used in a wider communication among the multilingual workforce. Arabic is commonly referred to as ‘the language of the government, education as well as commerce, but English is used at tertiary level to teach science and medicine (Cry Pp 427-456). 1. Classification of EnglishEnglish is a Germanic language which originated from Anglo-Frisian dialects. English refers to an indo-European language of Germanic branch which has had several significant contributions from other languages. It is mostly influenced by every other language family, including Romantic (French, Romanian, French, Italian) and even Semitic (Hebrew, Arabic) language family. Basically, the original English language was influenced by two waves of invasion, these includes; the Germanic language family and the Normans. People spoke Norman language before English developed. Consequently, the two invasion developed Engli sh which become ‘mixed’ to some extent. Cohabitation with the Germanic language resulted in a significant grammatical and lexical of English. English is a member of the indo- European family. Indo-European are said to have lived in the western Asia or rather the Eastern Europe. It belongs to the Germanic branch; its closet relatives are Dutch, Yiddish, Afrikaans and Frisian. English has adopted different words from other languages. Some of the examples of Indo- Iranian language, includes; Urdu, Hindi etc. the influence of Indo-European language can be seen today. The word for father, for instance, is vater in German. This is a clear indication of where English developed as a language. There is a close correlation between English words and those of the German (Pennycook Pp238-289). 2. Learners and usersLearners and Users of English in Saudi Arabia include students, religious purposes, business men, immigrants, ordinary people and many more. For example, Saudi Arabian student ob tain this studies either at their home place or as part of the school curriculum in an Anglophone nation that they mostly visit as educational tourist. Students were taught the funder mental of the Islamic faith- for instance, the correct performance of the five daily prayers. Teachers encouraged most of their student to learn English as a foreign language. Its benefits have allowed learners to develop ecological and interpersonal perception in the language.

Absolute Vodka Defending A1.0-Executive Summary VS...

Absolute Vodka: Defending a1.0-Executive Summary VS group, a Swedish company owned by the government created VS Spirits to produce market and sell Absolut Vodka which is the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strongest brand (created in 1979). To maximise the brandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s market share and strengthen its competitive position, the company established a jointed venture called Future Brands LLC to distribute its products more effectively strictly in the USA, which is Absolutà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strongest market. Although the brand is the second largest premium vodka, its market share is threatened by the constant growth of the market leader Smirnoff. Therefore, VS Spirits need to take further measures to ensure its brandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s image and market share is protected and advanced. VSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s†¦show more content†¦Since its launching in 1979, the brand has continued to achieve enormous success with a steady increase in sales volume and is now being sold in 12 6 markets nationwide, with North America being its top market. In the year of 2001 and in an attempt to be more aggressive in terms of increasing the brandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s market share, VS Spirits formed a joint venture with Beam Global Spirits called Future Brands LLC to distribute Absolut Vodka strictly in the USA which is by far considered the brands strongest market. Additionally, the company acquired shares in Maxxium Worldwide which became the distributor of Absolut Vodka in 60 other major markets around the world. Although Absolut Vodka retains a strong position in its market segment, the brand is faced by the constant and threatening growth of Smirnoff, its biggest competitor and the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s market leader. Furthermore, Absolutà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s position in its biggest market, the USA has reached saturation and has low brand awareness in major markets like Eastern Europe (which is a strong consumer of vodka) compared to Smirnoff. Therefore, further analys is and action need to be taken by VS either to preserve or to increase its strongest brandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s market share 4.0-Advantage/Disadvantages of joint venture: The decision of VS to form a joint venture with Jim Beam brands and establish its own distribution company in 2001 seems to

The Media And Television Influences People s View Of Reality

The theory that suggests the media and television influences people’s view of reality. George Gerbner and Larry Gross and a few other associates developed cultivation theory in 1976. â€Å"Cultivation Theory postulates that as individuals are exposed to more of a certain kind of television programs, each exposure plants sees that grow into a perspective that is largely influenced by the themes presented in the programs,† (Gerbner p.15). There are different assumptions regarding the Cultivation Theory and why it is believed accurate. One being, television is technically different from other forms of media because it tends to be more influential, or that television shapes ones beliefs as well as attitude about other people and society itself, and that television does not show reality, but tends to create an alternate reality. Cultivation theory focuses mainly on television and not on other aspects of media because television is related to almost all ages and has been arou nd longer than other mediums. Television is a primary source of socialization as well everyday information. It is a centralized system of storytelling via news, dramas, commercials, and much more. The difference in the level of cultivation between various television viewers is known as cultivation differential. The different types of televisions viewers are heavy and light. Heavy viewers tend to watch an average of four or more hours of television per day. A light viewer watches an average of two or less hoursShow MoreRelatedWhy is important to study the media, rather than simply consume it?1631 Words   |  7 PagesThe media is a dynamic entity inherent in society that is both powerful and important. It demonstrates this by playing a vital role in the development of a person s perspective on political, economic and socio-cultural issues. This consequently helps to shape individuals viewpoints of the world and define their lives through the interpretation of media texts. (Newman, 2004). Bazalgette supported Newman s point by stating Media studies open up your understanding of how things work, how peopleRead MoreMedia s Negative Images Of Health Care1215 Words   |  5 Pages Should Media Portray Only Positive Images of Health Care Name Institution Should Media Portray Only Positive Images of Health Care Media has portrayed many negative images of healthcare through television including movies. It is important that media presents positive images of healthcare to influence positive public perceptions on healthcare delivery. Health care television shows have portrayed nurses as handmaidens to doctors, ‘naughty’, battle-axes’, sex objects, self-sacrificial angelsRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children915 Words   |  4 PagesToday violence is the gold of television. 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According to Mitchell Stephens, Professor of Journalism and Mass Communication at New York University, Television as we know it, was first introduced in 1927.(Stevens) currently over 98% of American households have at least 1 television set and the average American watches around 3 to 4 hours of television daily. The thought that television can entertain and inform as well as influence is equally powerful and disturbing. As early as the 1920 s, Thomas EdisonRead MoreDiscuss The Article ‘Reinforcing The Myth: Constructing1546 Words   |  7 Pagesarticle ‘Reinforcing the myth: Construc ting Australian identity in â€Å"reality TV† ’. The main contention in Price Erma’s article ‘ Reinforcing the myth: Constructing Australian identity in â€Å"reality TV† ’ which published online on May 2010, is to portray the myth of Australian identity shows in TV that there is a balance to measure how much is true, how much is false. Erma leads the reader to understand that the myth is against ‘reality TV’ because there always has tension between ideas of credibilityRead MoreThe Truman Show By Peter Weir Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pagesin the 90’s. The movie’s message to us is that we are stuck in a media landscape full of fantasies that is catered to the interests of more powerful people. If we want to live an authentic life and be free, we should put distance between ourselves and the comfort that is our media filled culture. We have to leave the safety that is the media’s grasp and be willing to live in the world the way it actually is. In the 1990’s, televis ion culture in particular was in full swing. Television is such a powerfulRead MoreThe Stereotypical Reality Of Television1624 Words   |  7 PagesThe Stereotypical Reality in TV Although television can sometimes be educational, it is often agreed that reality TV creates dangerous stereotypes. These days, it seems like producers are willing to turn almost anything into a an hour long weekly series. Another growing concern that may indirectly promote stereotypes is the issue of privacy in reality TV. It is said that â€Å"participants in reality shows have openly admitted that giving the public access to the most personal moments of their livesRead MoreFactors that Contribute to the Popularity of Reality Shows on TV874 Words   |  4 Pagesand engagement of audience with reality television. The study aims to investigate which factors influencing on television viewers’ decision to vote and also provide an exploration on their psychological side which may be vital for understanding their interactive behaviors. In the context of greater interaction between the programs and its audiences has been stimulating by television producers, it is significant to research this interactive form of reality television that encourages deeper audience

Smu 1st Sem Assmnt Questions 2010 Free Essays

Fall 2010 Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 1 MB0041 – Financial and Management Accounting – 4 Credits (Book ID :B1130) Assignment Set- 1 (60 Marks) Note: Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions. Q. We will write a custom essay sample on Smu 1st Sem Assmnt Questions 2010 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 Explain the Various accounting Concepts and Principles? Q. 2 Pass journal entries for the following transactions 1. Madan commenced business with cash Rs. 70000 2. Purchased goods on credit 14000 3. Withdrew for private use 3000 4. Goods purchased for cash 12000 5. Paid wages 5000 Q. 3 Explain the various types of errors disclosed by Trial Balance? [10 Marks] [10 Marks] 10 Marks] Q. 4 From the following balances extracted from Trial balance, prepare Trading Account. The closing stock at the end of the period is Rs. 56000 Particulars Stock on 1-1-2004 Returns inwards Returns outwards Purchases Debtors Creditors Carriage inwards Carriage outwards Import duty on materials received from abroad Clearing charges Rent of business shop Royalty paid to extract materials Amount in Rs. 70700 3000 3000 102000 56000 45000 5000 4000 6000 7000 12000 10000 10 Marks] Fall 2010 Fire insurance on stock Wages paid to workers Office salaries Cash discount Gas, electricity and water Sales 000 8000 10000 1000 4000 250000 Q. 5 Differentiate Financial Accounting and Management accounting? [10 Marks] Q. 6 Following is the Balance Sheet of M/s Srinivas Ltd. You are required to prepare a Fund Flow Statement Particulars Equity Share capital Profit Loss 14,750 17,000 31,000 15,000 16,500 2006 50,000 2007 65,000 Particulars Cash balances Debtors Investment 25,000 5,000 27,000 nil 80,000 (7000) 2006 10,000 2007 13,000 [10 Marks] Trade Creditors 29,000 Mortgage 10,000 Fixed Assets 50,000 Less: Depreciation (5,250) Short term loans 15,000 Accrued expenses 8,000 7,500 Goodwill 5,000 nil Stock Total 1, 26,750 1, 52,000 Total 37,000 1, 26,750 39,000 1, 52,000 Additional Information: 1. Depreciation provided is Rs. 1750. 2. Write off goodwill. 3. Dividend paid Rs. 3500. Fall 2010 Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 1 MB0041 – Financial and Management Accounting – 4 Credits (Book ID :B1130) Assignment Set- 2 (60 Marks) Note: Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions. Q. 1 Explain the tools of Management accounting? Marks] Q. 2 Find the contribution and profit earned if the selling price per unit is Rs. 25, variable cost per unit Rs. 20 and fixed cost Rs. ,05,000 for the output of 80,000 units. [10 Marks] Q. 3 Explain the essential features of budgetary control? Marks] Q. 4 A large retail stores makes 25% of its sales for cash and the balance on 30 days net. Due to faulty collection practice, there have been losses from bad debts to the e xtent [10 [10 of 1 % of credit sales on average in the past. The experience of the store tells that normally 60 % of credit sales are collected in the month following the sale, 25% in the second following month and 14 % in the third following month. Sales in the preceding three months have been January 2007 Rs. 80,000, February Rs. ,00,000 and March Rs. 1,40,000. Sales for the next three months are estimated as April Rs. 1,50,000, May Rs. 1,10,000 and June Rs. 1,00,000. Prepare a schedule of projected cash collection. [10 Marks] Q. 5 A factory works on standard costing system. The standard estimates of material for the manufacture of 1000 units of a commodity are 400 kg at Rs. 2. 50 per kg. When 2000 units of a commodity are manufactured, it is found that 820 kgs of material is consumed at Rs. 2. 60 per kg. Calculate the material variance Marks] Q. 6 The Anchor Company Ltd produces most of its electrical parts in its own plant. The company is at present considering the feasibility of buying a part from an outside supplier for Rs. 4. 5 per part. If this were done, monthly costs would increase by Rs. 1,000 [10 Fall 2010 The part under consideration is manufactured in Department 1 along with numerous other parts. On account of discontinuing the production of this part, Department 1 would have somewhat reduced operations. The average monthly usage production of this part is 20,000 units. The costs of producing this part on per unit basis are as follows. Material Labour (half-hour) Fixed overheads Total costs Rs. 1. 80 2. 40 0. 80 5. 00 [10 Marks] How to cite Smu 1st Sem Assmnt Questions 2010, Papers

The Internet Past And Future Essays - Cultural Globalization

The Internet: Past And Future The Internet is an extension of a computer network originally formed in the United States during the 1960s by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). Working under contract to the U.S. Department of Defense, ARPA initially connected computers at the Stanford Research Institute in California, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), and the University of Utah. This original network, the very first computer network, was called ARPANET (ARPA NETwork). Scientists built ARPANET with the intention of creating a network that would still be able to function efficiently if part of the network was damaged. This concept was important to military organizations, which were studying ways to maintain a working communications network in the event of nuclear war. As ARPANET grew in the 1970s, with more and more universities and institutions connecting to it, users found it necessary to establish standards for the way that data was transmitted over the network. To meet the needs of data transmission standards, computer scientists developed the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). During the 1970s various government, scientific, and academic groups developed their own networks. Examples include the Department of Energy's (DoE) Magnetic Fusion Energy Network (MFENet), the High Energy Physics NETwork (HEPNET), and the National Science Foundation NETwork (see NSFNET). In 1989 English computer scientist Timothy Berners-Lee introduced the World Wide Web. Berners-Lee initially designed the WWW to aid communication between physicists who were working in different parts of the world for the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN). As it grew, however, the WWW revolutionized the use of the Internet. During the early 1990s increasingly large numbers of users who were not part of the scientific or academic communities began to use the Internet, due in large part to the ability of the WWW to easily handle multimedia documents. A major challenge facing the continued growth of the Internet is the difficulty of providing enough bandwidth to sustain the network. As Internet applications become more sophisticated, and as more people around the world use the Internet, the amount of information transmitted across the Internet will demand very high bandwidth connections. While many communications companies are attempting to develop higher bandwidth technologies, it is not known whether the technology will be able to satisfactorily keep up with demand. In order to accommodate the increasing number of users, the non-profit organization University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (UCAID) is working on the construction of Internet 2. Internet 2 will add more bandwidth, or available communication lines, to the current information superhighway in order to accommodate larger packets of data. UCAID members include representatives from universities, the government, and the computer industry. Another important question facing Internet growth is the issue of censorship. Because the Internet has grown so rapidly, governments have been slow to regulate its use and to pass laws regarding what content is acceptable. Many Internet users also see such laws as an infringement on their right to free speech. In 1996 the Congress of the United States passed the Communications Decency Act, which made it a crime to transmit indecent material over the Internet. This decision resulted in an immediate outcry from users, industry experts, and civil liberties groups opposed to such censorship. In 1997 the United States Supreme Court declared the act unconstitutional because it violated First Amendment rights to free speech. Lawmakers responded in 1998 by passing a narrower antipornography bill, the Child Online Protection Act (COPA). This law required commercial WWW sites to ensure that children could not access material deemed ?harmful to minors.? In 1999 a federal judge blocked that bill as well, ruling that it too would dangerously restrict constitutionally protected free speech. Increasing commercial use of the Internet has heightened security and privacy concerns. With a credit or debit card, Internet users can order almost anything from an Internet site and have it delivered to their home or office. Companies doing business over the Internet must have very sophisticated security measures in place so that information such as credit card, bank account, and social security numbers cannot be accessed by unauthorized users (see Computer Security). Similarly, government facilities, universities, and institutions must ensure that access

Tigers Essays - Tigers, Fauna Of Asia, Biota, Tiger, Bengal Tiger

Tigers Essays - Tigers, Fauna Of Asia, Biota, Tiger, Bengal Tiger Tigers Tigers are descended from civet-like animals called niacis that lived during the age of the dinosaurs about 60 million years ago (Dang, 1994). These small mammals, with long bodies and short flexible limbs, evolved over millions of years into several hundred different species, including cats, bears, dogs and weasels. About 37 cat species exist today (Dang, 1994). Tigers evolved in eastern Asia , but it is not exact. Sabre-tooth tigers are not the ancestors of today's tigers. In fact, sabre-tooth tigers belonged to a separate branch of cat evolution which became extinct many millions of years ago. The Siberian or Amur tiger lives primarily in eastern Russia, and a few are found in northeastern China and northern North Korea. It is estimated that 437-506 Siberian tigers still exist in the wild (Tilson ,1995). About 490 captive Siberian tigers a re managed in zoo conservation programs (Tilson, 1995). The South China tiger is the most critically endnagered of all tiger subspecies. They are found in central and eastern China. It is estimated that only 20-30 South China tigers are left in the wild (Dang ,1994). Currently 48 South China tigers live in 19 zoos, all in China (Dang ,1994). The distribution of the Indochinese tiger is centered in Thailand, and is found in Myanmar, southern China, CAnbodia, Laos, Vietnam, and penisular Malaysia. About 1,180- 1,790 Indochines tigers are left in the wild and about 60 live in zoos (Tilson, 1995). Bengal tigers live in India, and some range through Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Myanmar. The estimated wild population is approzimately 3,060- 4,735 tigers, with about 333 in captivity, primarily in zoos in India (Dang, 1994). White tigers are just white-colored Bengal tigers. They ae not a separate subspecies of tiger, and they are no albinos. They have blue eyes, a pink nose, and creamy white fur with chocolate colored striipes, White tigers are only born when two tigers that both carry the unusual gene for white coloring mate, Wild white tigers are very rare, and todayt they can only be seen in zoos. The Sumatrain tiger is found only on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. About 400-500 wild Sumatran tigers are believed to exist, primarily inthe island's five national parks (Dang, 1994). Another 235 Simatran tigers live in zoos around the world (Dang, 1994). Three tiger subspecies have been considered to become extinct in the past 70 years (Tilson ,1994). The Caspian tiger, known as the Panthera tigris virgata, once ranged in Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Mongolia, and Central Asiatic area of Russia and probably went extinct in the 1950's (Tilson, 1995). The Javan tiger, Panthera tigris sondaica, formerly ranged on the Indonesian island of Java and was last seen in 1972 (Tilson, 1995). The Bali tiger, Panthera tigris balica, once lived on Bali, where the last tiger was believed to have been killed in 1937 (Tilson, 1995). Tigers have social behavior. Adult tigers are solitary animal that establish their territories in areas with enough prey, cover and water to support them. The hardship of loating prey in tiger habitat makes it more efficient for tigers to hunt alone. As a result, they do not tend to form social groups like lions. A female tiger and her cubs are the exception to this, and will form a family group for 2 to 3 years, until the cubs are able to fend for themselves (Dang ,1994). The territory of a tiger usually ranges in size from about 10 to 30 square miles, although the territory of a Siberian tiger may be as large as 120 square miles (Tilson, 1995). Both male and female tigers spray bushes and trees along their route with amixture of urine and scent gland secretions. This is a way of declaring their territory. They also leave marks on trees, and urinate or leave droppongs in prominent places. Female tigers reach maturity when they area bout 3 years old and males reach it when they are a year or so later (Dang, 1994). In temperate climates, a tigress comes into heat only seasonally , but in tropical climates, she may come int heat throughtout the year. She signals her readiness with scent marking and locating roars. The brief act of copulaiton occurs continually for a five day period. Tigers

How to Improve Professional Writing in the Field of Political Science

How to Improve Professional Writing in the Field of Political Science How to Improve Professional Writing in the Field of Political Science In professional writing, one of the tough parts about developing your writing is understanding where you need to improve, and how you might work towards addressing your shortcomings. 1. Learn how to Read Critically Dont trust everything written in the newspapers or shown on TV. Political writers cannot afford it, they need to boost their skill of critical reading. Pay attention to nuances and compare what it is said about the issue by different stakeholders. Most political science writers follow the similar system in their writing: introduce an observation or a puzzle, which lead to them asking a question; investigate other researchers’ work to come up with an argument in response to the question asked; and use proof (qualitative or quantitative data) to test their argument. 2. Get Used to Credible Sources of Information Professional political writers care about their reputation, thus they don’t utilize information taken from sources with questionable credibility. When looking for sources, especially websites, think about whether they are reliable or not. What you want is your paper containing   sources from professional and unbiased experts, rather than from businessmen with commercial interests. 3. Deep Assessment and Critical Thinking When writing, analyzing the topic can encourage making a reasonable outline for your paper.   Make use of empirical evidence, numbers, facts, and history, to back up your argument. Sometimes, purely deductive argument may be appropriate, however, but a more persuasive argument is that backed by evidence. Argue against yourself. After establishing your argument, identify questions or objections that may be raised by a skeptical reader, and address them quickly. This demonstrates to the readers that you were thorough, careful, thoughtful, and paid due respect to alternate interpretations or possible objections. 4. Generate New Ideas One of the greatest challenges that political writers face is coming up with new ideas. It is a common problem called â€Å"writer’s block†. It surprises many new writers. Without too much effort, most people can think of a bunch of creative ideas about familiar topics. Most people who start to write articles begin with those simple topics, and the writing goes quickly. They naturally expect all their writing to be that easy. It won’t. Writer’s block is a common problem. Every writer gets to a point where they come up short on ideas. That is why the ability to generate new ideas is quite essential. 5. Humanize Your Writing Keep the writing in your voice. It’s really easy to take on the voice of the topic rather than your own when you’re out of your comfort zone. Strive to make it your own and what your readers are stylistically used to seeing from you. You may use a picture, video or an official statement to launch your argument. As daunting as it sounds, you don’t necessarily have to call a press officer to get information, dozens of press releases are posted on the website of almost every governmental agency each week. 6. Get Feedback along the Way The feedback or what we call â€Å"bouncing ideas† between friends, both positive and critical, help shape self-evaluation of analytical skills to work on honing and enhancing them. Ask a friend or two to take a look at your Political Science paper. Two heads are better than one. You can have a discussion about the gaps in the argument that needs addressing, or the transition sentences that may help the argument â€Å"flow† quite logically. Some of the most efficient feedbacks comes as early as brainstorming on your approach to the topic or when drafting your paper’s research question. You may have brilliant political ideas, but if you cannot get them across with sound arguments, your ideas won’t get you anywhere! Improve on them, and see how good you’ll get.

Argumentative research paper arguing how negativly the meadia

Argumentative arguing how negativly the meadia influences the masses during times of war - Research Paper Example Yet, both politics and journalism make claims to a standard of objectivity that often hides the political bias in the construction of â€Å"social fact†. It is through shared communication methods such as literature, newspapers, the internet, tv news, etc. that people in modern societies form their views on complex political issues that may affect the lives of millions. Nowhere is this more exemplified than in issues of international relations or foreign policies, and the conduct of war – which has led nations across the world into millions of deaths and untold destruction primarily through the dissemination of political views and ideologies throughout large populations that permitted organized military violence by the State. In general, the television news and newspapers frame the discourse by publishing a type of collective debate between opposing viewpoints as they relate to current events and pertinent issues of social governance in a democracy. As Noam Chomsky writ es in â€Å"The Culture of Terrorism,† "The leveling of discourse within the ideological system is an extremely important matter. Part of the genius of American democracy has been to ensure that isolated individuals face concentrated state and private power alone, without the support of an organizational structure that can assist them in thinking for themselves or entering into meaningful political action, and with few avenues for public expression of fact or analysis that might challenge approved doctrine...adherence to doctrinal truth confers substantial reward: not only acceptance within the system of power and a ready path to privilege, but also the inestimable advantage of freedom from the onerous demands of thought, inquiry and argument. Conformity frees one from the burden of evidence, and rational argument is superfluous while one is marching in an approved parade.† (Chomsky, 1988) The media act as a â€Å"fourth branch† of government, essential to the he althy functioning of a democracy systematically. Minority political groups may be forced to resort to other means to organize their viewpoints and distribute them popularly if they cannot gain mass-media access, but there is little practical guarantee that minority communication channels can compete with mass-media communication networks that dominate the public construction of issues debated in modern societies politically. This is one way that political hegemony may operate in repressing views unfavorable to the status quo of hierarchical power distributions. The media never covers a war neutrally with just the facts. They report stories or fabricate ones that they believe will gain ratings or sell papers. This is the definition of â€Å"Yellow Journalism,† and it can be seen historically as the way that the public was rallied to war, from the early days of Theodore Roosevelt’s â€Å"Rough Rider† raids on Cuba to the modern conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. F rom the establishment of the news empire by William Randolph Hearst, mass-media news sources increasingly pursued a centralized, corporate model of operations that mirror in many ways the development of the superpowers themselves. The Hearst papers had the budget required to â€Å"

Research methods (surveys of work on exit strategies for business Essay

Research methods (surveys of work on exit strategies for business tenants) - Essay Example Different set of questionnaire were sent to tenants, landlords, solicitors and letting agents. The survey of the landlords, letting agents and solicitors were framed as representing an investigation into their overall activity rather than transaction specific questions. In the case of property research a mixed method of analysis of secondary data and survey and questionnaire method is often employed to conduct the research. Through the analysis of the secondary data the research would be able to get the numerical data for the completion of the empirical studies relating to the study, while the interviews and surveys bring out the qualitative aspects of the subject under study. In property researches meaningful results can be obtained only when the researcher combines quantitative data and qualitative information in his studies. In order to achieve the research objectives of ascertaining the impact of quantitative variations and to identify the salient features of different market mechanisms on the impact of the subject under study the adoption of mixed research methods is the appropriate suggestion. For instance in the study Corsby et al (2006) the interviews and surveys combined with the data provided by IPD made the research meaningful and gave precise answers to the research questions. Property Research Studies are not only used for Instrumental purposes to Underpin policy, but should also have a Normative Purpose Basically a clear and concise knowledge of the ontological and epistemological assumptions that explain the research studies and the process of research is necessary to (i) understand the interrelationship of research methodology and methods, (ii) avoid the resulting confusion on discussions relating to theoretical debates and approaches to social phenomena and (iii) be able to have a complete recognition of one's own and also others' position with respect to the issues related to the study (Jonathan Grix). The achieving of the above objectives along with the other objective of fully grasping the directional relationship of key components of the research process logically substantiates the view that the research studies are to have a normative purpose in addition to the instrumental purpose. It is important that the research studies encompass a normative approach so that the logical, directional relationship between the key components of research is clearly understood. Unless the normative purpose is taken into account, the quantitative data may not show the impact and influence of the questions the researcher is asking and also the type of project the research has undertaken to study. It is also not possible that a research may begin with the inference on any of the quantitative data at any stage. The researcher cannot first choose the research method and work backwards through the methodology to achieve his/her research objectives. By taking into account the normative purpose the researcher is allowed to follow a method-led approach to the research study than a question-led research. This makes the research questions point towards the most fitting research method. Unless a normative approach is followed the logic of interconnectedness between the key

Flu Season :: essays research papers

Each year the winter seasons brings with it cold, snow, holidays, and to a lucky few a break from work or school. To many, however, winter brings the dreaded Influenza virus, a virus which, if left to it’s own devices, can bring death, especially to the young, the old, and the infirm. This year winter also brought with it a shortage of the Influenza vaccine, which was due to a contamination of one manufacturer’s supply. (Flaherty A02) The resulting decrease in supply caused a dramatic increase in the price demanded by suppliers (and the price paid by consumers). (Flaherty A02) Flu Vaccine for the United States was produced solely by two foreign manufacturers this year, Aventis Pasteur and Chiron Corp. These two manufacturers sell their vaccine to U.S. distributors like Stat Pharmaceuticals Inc. of El Cajon, CA and Meds-Stat based in Ft. Lauderdale, FL who will go on to sell to hospitals, pharmacies, and health care clinics (Flaherty A02). On October fifth the Chiron Corp. announced that their entire supply of Flu vaccine destined for U.S. markets was unfit for use due to a contamination problem at their British manufacturing plant (Flaherty A02). This contamination effectively reduced the U.S. supply of flu vaccine by half (Flaherty A02). Unfortunately for consumers, though profitable to the distributors the drop in supply did not diminish the demand for the vaccine. The quantity of Flu vaccine demanded in the U.S. was greater than the original supply let alone the reduced supply. The market price for the vaccine was between eight and nine dollars prior to the October announcement by Chiron, that it’s vaccine was contaminated, and soon afterwards doubled in price (Flaherty A02). By the eighth of October the vaccine was being offered to pharmacies at prices approaching ninety dollars per-dose a tenfold increase over the original price (Flaherty A02). The demand for the Flu vaccine is shown to be inelastic (the quantity demanded before the discovery of contamination was the entire supply (X) and after the announcement was the remaining quantity (X/2), while the price jumped from nine to ninety dollars { or Ed = .41}). According to the Washington Post â€Å"the higher prices simply reflect[ed] the heightened demand for a scarce item†, though this is not the case, demand did not shift at all, only supply shifted. Not all distributors took advantage of the supply shift as in the case of Stat Pharmaceuticals, which sold its vaccine for fifteen to thirty dollars per-dose.

Conformity in Fahrenheit 451 Essay

Mindless and Obeying Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 features a fictional and futuristic firefighter named Guy Montag. As a firefighter, Montag does not put out fires. Instead, he starts them in order to burn books and, basically, knowledge to the human race. He does not have any second thoughts about his responsibility until he meets seventeen-year-old Clarisse McClellan. She reveals many wonders of the world to Montag and causes him to rethink what he is doing in burning books. After his talks with her, the society’s obedience to the law that bans knowledge, thinking, and creativity also increasingly distresses him. In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury shows conformity in the futuristic America through schooling, leisure, and fright. The children in the society are never actually taught during school hours. Captain Beatty, another firefighter, tells Montag that the schools † Cram them full of non-combustible data, chock them so damned full of â€Å"facts† they feel stuffed, but absolutely â€Å"brilliant† with information† (61). The â€Å"teachers† (actually film) stuff the students with â€Å"knowledge†, making them feel smart, but they are never taught to question any of the information or form their own opinion on matters. Clarisse says, â€Å"Do you know, we never ask questions, or at least most don’t; they just run the answers at you, bing, bing, bing, and us sitting there for four more hours of film-teacher† (29). In being taught not to question anything, including the law, education supports conformity. In a similar way, entertainment encourages obedience as well. In the culture that Montag lives in, it is expected in everyone to participate in the civilization’s entertainment sources: mindless television, the â€Å"shell†, and violent games. Television (a.k.a. parlor walls) are made up of a flat screen on a wall; sometimes it fills all of the walls instead of just one, and is made up of fast-moving, mindless flashing images of people known as the â€Å"family†. Every second they are on, they are screaming nonsense. Faber, Montag’s mentor, says, â€Å"The televisor is â€Å"real†. It is immediate, it as dimension. It tells you what to think and blasts it in. It must be right, it seems to be right. It rushes you on so quickly to its own conclusions your mind hasn’t time to protest† (109).The residents  are provided with too much â€Å"excitement† at one time and do not have enough time or space in their minds to think. The walls are addicting. Therefore, more people take more time to sit down and watch the â€Å"family† rather than focusing on developing their own creativity and thinking. Whenever citizens are off the parlor walls, they listen to the â€Å"shell† which is based on the same concept of the parlor walls: to limit thoughts. The only difference between the two is that the shell is far more compact. Otherwise, the two are similar. In limiting access to time for feelings, television and the â€Å"shell† promotes conformity to the law. Games in the society work in a comparable way as the parlor walls and the â€Å"shell†. They show aggression and gore in every single one of them; whether or not it is a real life game or a video game. Seeing so much violence numbs their minds to all of the happenings around them. Clarisse mentions, â€Å"I’m afraid of children my own age. They kill each other. Did it always used to be that way? My uncle says no. Six of my friends have been shot in the last year alone. Ten of them died in car wrecks† (30). Even if mass genocide were happening around them, they would brush it away like shooing away fly. Being apathetic, they would not question anything happening around them, which encourages conformity to the government. Reinforcing entertainment and education, fear produces a foolproof obedience in the society. Even though most citizens are brainwashed by their schooling and leisure, some, like Montag, Faber, and Clarisse still rebel against the law. Therefore, the government creates severe punishments to be dealt out to generate fear in the rebels so that rebellions would not be staged. One of these punishments is to burn down the rebel’s house and put the resident in a crazy asylum. Another, the one Montag fears most, is the mechanical hound. It is made to force support from the citizens using the fear that the mechanical hound produces. Conformity is depicted in Fahrenheit 451 through tutelage, entertainment, and terror. The people should have access to knowledge and should think with their own minds. The book shows that having creativity and opinions, like Clarisse, is better than just being, quite literally, a robot. Fahrenheit  451 shows the citizens in the fictional society being controlled by foolish teachings, mind-jumbling amusement, and forced fear. Being mindless and obeying is not a choice. Everybody has to have a viewpoint of his or her own in life.

Bald Eagle Facts

For centuries, the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) was a spiritual symbol for the native people who lived in the United States. In 1782, it was nominated as the national emblem of the U.S., but it nearly became extinct during the 1970s due to illegal hunting and the effects of DDT poisoning. Recovery efforts and stronger federal protection helped ensure that this large raptor is no longer endangered and continues to make a strong comeback. Fast Facts: The Bald Eagle Scientific Name: Haliaeetus leucocephalusCommon Names: Bald Eagle, Eagle, American Bald EagleBasic Animal Group: BirdSize: 35–42 inches longWingspan:  5.9–7.5 feetWeight: 6.6–14  poundsLifespan: 20 years (in the wild)Diet: CarnivoreHabitat: large, open lakes and rivers in the United States and Canada, particularly in  Florida, Alaska and  the MidwestPopulation: 700,000Conservation Status:  Least Concern Description The bald eagles head may appear bald, but its actually covered in white feathers. Indeed, its name is actually derived  from an older name and meaning of white-headed. The bald heads of mature bald eagles contrast sharply with their chocolate brown bodies. They have a very large, yellow, thick bill with an upper  mandible  that is strongly hooked. The bird is generally 35 to 42 inches long with a wingspan that can grow to 7 feet or more. The head, neck, and tail of bald eagles are bright, plain white, but younger birds may show spotting. Their eyes, bill, legs, and feet are yellow, and their black  talons  are thick and powerful. Buck Shreck/Getty Images Habitat and Range The bald eagles range spans from Mexico to most of Canada and it includes all of the continental U.S. They can be found in all kinds of habitats, from the bayous of Louisiana to the deserts of California to the deciduous forests of New England. It is the only sea eagle that is endemic (native) to North America. Diet and Behavior Bald eagles eat fish—and anything and everything else—but fish make up the majority of their diet. The birds have also been known to eat other water birds such as grebes, herons, ducks, coots, geese, and egrets, as well as mammals such as rabbits, squirrels, raccoons, muskrats, and even deer fawns. Turtles, terrapins, snakes, and crabs as make for tasty bald eagle snacks as well. Bald eagles have also been known to steal prey from other predators (a practice known as kleptoparasitism), to scavenge carcasses of other animals, and to steal food from landfills or campsites.  In other words, if a bald eagle can grab it in its talons, it will eat it. Reproduction and Offspring Bald eagles mate from late September to early April, depending on the region. The female lays her first egg five to 10 days after mating and incubates the eggs for about 35 days. They produce one to three eggs, which is called the clutch size. When first hatched, bald eagle chicks are covered with fluffy white down but quickly grow larger and develop mature feathers. Juvenile birds have mottled brown and white  plumage  and do not get the distinctive white head and tail until they are 4 to 5 years old when they are sexually mature and able to mate. Marcia Straub/Getty Images Threats Bald eagles today are threatened by poaching and accidental or deliberate shootings, as well as other risks to  raptors  including pollution, collisions with wind turbines or power lines, contamination of their food supplies and habitat loss.  Lead poisoning  from fishing lures and discarded bullet casings is also a grave threat to bald eagles and other large raptors. Conservation Status The International Union for Conservation of Nature lists the bald eagles conservation status as least concern and says its population is increasing. However, bald eagles were severely affected by pesticides, especially DDT, which was widely used after World War II. The once-touted pesticide poisoned bald eagles and caused their eggshells to become thin, resulting in many failed nesting attempts, according to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. As a result of their dwindling numbers, the bald eagle was placed on the federal list of endangered species in 1967 and the California endangered species list in 1971. However, after the use of DDT was banned in the United States in 1972, strong efforts to restore these birds were successful and the bald eagle was removed from the endangered species list in 2007. Sources â€Å"Bald Eagle Overview, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology.†Ã‚  Overview, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology.â€Å"Bald Eagle.†Ã‚  National Geographic, 21 Sept. 2018.â€Å"Bald Eagles in California. California Department of Fish and Wildlife.â€Å"Basic Facts About Bald Eagles.†Ã‚  Defenders of Wildlife, 10 Jan. 2019.â€Å"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.†Ã‚  IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Lyndon B. W. Brand And Lbj s Written By Robert Dallek

When we were first assigned to read select pages from Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and his Times, as well as Reagan, the Life, I believed that I had a solid foundation in the history of these two men and their presidencies. I did not expect to learn a whole lot more about these presidents. However, throughout the reading of the two biographies, I found myself discovering more and more about these men, their personal lives, their accomplishments, and much more I never knew about them. These biographies, Reagan’s written by H. W. Brands and LBJ’s written by Robert Dallek, dive deep into each president’s backgrounds, and into their years in office. Each of these presidents was faced with matters of national and global concern during their†¦show more content†¦Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty also stemmed from his passing of landmark bills to achieve his Great Society. LBJ was a fine president who did innumerable things while in office to help the Amer ican people; However, with every man comes flaws. For LBJ, these flaws can be seen more in his personal life than through his policy making as President. Lyndon B. Johnson was an intimidating man, and was used to making things go according to his plan. He generally would do anything possible to make what he wanted happen, and would sometimes use immoral tactics to do so. The â€Å"Johnson Treatment† as it was named, was Johnson’s most popular tactic of intimidation. He would tower over whomever he was speaking, using intimidating words and well as physical contact to get what he wanted from them. His time in the House, Senate, and White House were all filled with this type of behavior to make things get done his way. Although his time spent in political office was marked with scandal, and sometimes immoral tactics, overall Lyndon B. Johnson did many great things for the American people and this country. His influence as president from 1963-1969 can still be felt to thi s day, and Robert Dallek does an excellent job of detailing these successes in Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and his Times. On the other hand,

The Examination of Complicated Relationships between The...

Author of many children’s books, Karen Mueller Coombs has illustrated that, â€Å"often the right path is the one that may be hardest for you to follow. But the hardest path is the one that will make you grow as a human being† (â€Å"Karen Mueller Coombs†, 2013). This statement explains how regardless of what circumstances or experiences a person goes through in life, an individual’s character will grow and evolve. This concept is demonstrated in The Kite Runner and The Flying Troutmans. Both main characters display that despite being brought up in different situations, their past choices evolve their characters. Their family complications are decreased and their family foundation becomes stronger. In The Kite Runner, Amir is a young Pashtun boy†¦show more content†¦Even though Hattie has always felt unwelcomed by her sister since birth, she continues to try to rebuild their relationship. This is evident at the hospital when Hattie leaves Paris to comfort her niece and nephew while her sister is ill. Hattie demonstrates selflessness by putting her own life on the back burner to take her niece and nephew on a road trip to find their father. â€Å"You, me, Thebie, we’re going on a road trip, I said. We’re gonna look for Cherkis† (The Flying Troutmans, pg.52). These examples demonstrate Hattie’s devotion to strengthen the relationship in her family. Both novels provide notable progression of characters becoming more selfless and caring towards others. Both Amir and Hattie have many of the same characteristics, one being selflessness. Like Hattie, Amir also experienced moments of selflessness as a child. This is evident when Amir included his Hazara slave, Hassan, to participate with him in the kite running tournament. Amir considered Hassan as an equal, despite the cultural differences and the potential of social backlash. Assef said, â€Å"†¦you’re bothering me more than this Hazara her e. How can you talk to him, play with him, let him touch you?† (The Kite Runner, pg. 44). Like Hattie as an adult, in order to strengthen the relationship with his newfound nephew, Amir sacrifices his newly adjusted life in America to adopt Sohrab from the atrocious conditions in Afghanistan. Amir

Childhood Cancer Clusters in California’s Central Valley Free Essays

Childhood Cancer Clusters in California’s Central Valley Case report :Sakshi Arora March 22, 2012 This case study examines childhood cancers in agricultural communities of Mc Farland and Earlimart from 1978 to 1995. According to the local residents of these communities the main reason for cancer is contamination through pesticide in the agricultural farms which is the major source of employment for the residents of the community. McFarland is a small community in Kern County, with the population of about 6200, located at the southern end of California’s San Joaquin Valley. We will write a custom essay sample on Childhood Cancer Clusters in California’s Central Valley or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are the main source of cotton and Almond in the area. Census Data of 1980 revealed that 40 percent of the population is less than 18 years of age. Main source of employment of the population is the farms with the annual income of merely $4300. Due to the limited source of income they were incapable of having health insurance of themselves and the kids. it has been observed that since1978 to 1990, 14 children in McFarland have childhood cancer which is four times the expected rate. The cancers were of many different types including liver, kidney, eye, adrenal glands, and bone. By 1992, five of the children had died. The families of Mcfarland were disturbed and are in pain due to increasing numbers of the victims. Earlimart is another small farming community located in southern Tulare County about 15 miles north of McFarland in the San Joaquin Valley. Child population of the area is one-third of the adult population. It is surrounded by vineyards. In 1989, the United Farm Workers union uncovered a second cluster of twelve childhood cancers in Earlimart among children of farm workers. Study of Dr. Marion Moses, a medical consultant for the union, revealed that the cancers occurred in area is 12 times higher than estimated numbers. All the victims were not of same kind. Some of them had leukemia where some died of lymphoma or kidney cancer. â€Å"In adults, when you get different types of cancer, then most of the time it is not a Cluster,† It as really shocking as Cancer is rare disease in children, the main thought of question arise about the increasing number ignoring the type of cancer. According to the residents, pesticides are the main cause of increasing number of child death rate in the area. Mcfarland and Earlimart are small communities who are not engaged in lot of activities. Victim’s parents have been examined and most of them reported it is caused by pesticides whereas some residents living have reporte d that no such incident has been observed in their families. Their main occupation is agriculture in the farms where pesticide is being used. They have reported contamination of water is also one of the reasons for the cancer. The case unfolds the number of cases which happened with the people throughout the period. They also reported that in spite of informing the harmful effect of the pesticides to their boss . To which no action has been taken instead their interference in such matter would a reason of them to be fired from the job. The figures of The California Department of Food and Agriculture revealed that there are more than 1,200 cases in California alone in 1986 based on worker compensation records. Nationwide, one estimate calculated as many as 313,000 pesticide-related illnesses among farm worker each year. Dr. Marion Moses, a San Francisco physician active with farm worker groups and a member of the pesticide advisory committee of the Environmental Protection Agency said the main reason for cancer deaths has direct relationship with the pesticides being used in given county. In 1984, after the discovery of the cancer cluster in McFarland, United Farm Workers, Began a boycott on five chemicals being used on the crop such as phosdrin, captan, dinoseb, methyl bromide, and parathion which were found the main reason for situation. Concerned citizen groups from McFarland asked Kern County officials to look into the cancer cluster in their community. Within the year the investigation took over of California department of health services. After five years of their investigation on the area they came up with the conclusion that pesticide is not the reason for the cancer deaths in the area affected. despite of all the researches they were unable to find the specific cause for the situation. on the other hand farmers were confident about the reason for the same. They felt abandoned by the government as they didn’t see and drop of hope. Numbers have been significantly increasing every year. After years of study on the area department of health services decide d to stop their study as they didn’t determine the cause for the new cases of cancer every year. Proposition 65, officially known as the â€Å"Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act,†. It is based on the premise that the public and workers have a right to be informed about exposures to chemicals that are known to the state to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm. According the proposition list of chemicals has been maintained with its effects to the people. According to the proposition it is the responsibility of the business to inform its employees, clearly about the effects of such materials used in the process. It should be reasonably defined. Also 20months after the pesticide is listed business must not knowingly discharge the waste material into soil or water. The State hazard communication program requires that, whenever employees are working in treated fields or handling pesticides, the employer must display Pesticide Safety Information Series (PSIS) leaflet A-9 (â€Å"Pesticide Safety Rules for Farmworkers â€Å"), PSIS A-8 (â€Å"Safety Rules for Pesticide Handlers on Farms), or PSIS N-8 (â€Å"Safety Rules for Pesticide Handlers in Non-Agricultural Settings â€Å") at the work site or at a central location where workers gather. The State hazard communication program requires that, whenever employees are working in treated fields or handling pesticides, the employer must display Pesticide Safety Information Series (PSIS) leaflet A-9 (â€Å"Pesticide Safety Rules for Farmworkers â€Å"), PSIS A-8 (â€Å"Safety Rules for Pesticide Handlers on Farms), or PSIS N-8 (â€Å"Safety Rules for Pesticide Handlers in Non-Agricultural Settings â€Å") at the work site or at a central location where workers gather. As the information gathered from the case report workers have not been informed about any of the above hazards of health. Also it is strange to observe that pesticides being used in the farms also listed in the list of chemicals under prop 65 which were hazardous are not been informed to the farmers. Also investigations done by the agency didn’t reveal the fact that the pesticides the main cause for the cancer in the area. Under prop 65 list of chemical it is clearly stated pesticide phosdrin causes cancer. I don’t hink the research on the contamination water, air and soil was done properly as none of the facts mentioned under prop 65 has been revealed. Neither list of chemicals has been listed by the farm owners to inform to the workers about the hazardous pesticides in the farm nor the researches revealed the facts. All these researches have been done but victim parents did not got any justice. Since they are poor they got no choice but to live on those farms to earn their living and lost their family members just like that. From 1978to 1990 the people suffered, 28 died . California department of health services took samples for examination, tested soil and air but result were not noticeable. They were only be able to analyses the situation today but couldn’t do anything for the innocent people died in last 12 years. Question arises from this study in the mind as to why this facts were not being examined after years of research by the state and county officials? Were they biased in making a decision? Although lot of research took place in the area but nothing proved fruitful and the mystery remained unsolved by the health department. Since 1992 no case has been examined but the above time period mentioned couldn’t reveal the facts of the history. Sources: Case report retrieved from http://www. law. stanford. edu/publications/casestudies/case_abstracts/ Pesticide and proposition 65 retrieved from http://www. cdpr. ca. gov/docs/dept/factshts/prop65. htm How to cite Childhood Cancer Clusters in California’s Central Valley, Essay examples

Example of a Recording Contract free essay sample

Company to produce Master Recordings of the Artists performances and market these Master Recordings. D. The Company wishes to produce and market the Master Recordings subject to the following terms and conditions Terms and Conditions 1 . The Term of this Agreement starts during the initial period of Insert Date during which the Artist and the Company will cooperate to produce Master Recordings suitable for the production of the Album or PEP and will continue for twelve months after the delivery of the Master Recording to allow the Company time o manufacture, market and distribute the product in the Territory. . The Company has the right to extend the Term of Agreement after the Initial Contract Period on the same terms In conditions as the Initial Contract Period. If the Company falls to exercise its option to renew an Optional Period the agreement will be deemed to be completed and fulfilled. 3. With any additional option periods and extensions the Company will relate these as periods referred toast additional Terms Production 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Example of a Recording Contract or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The company agrees to Produce Master Recordings consisting of songs written ND performed by the Artist. The resulting recording will include music of not less than 3 minutes in playing duration and will consist of not less than 12 tracks, and will be of a quality which Is at least equal to Industry standard for commercial distribution 5. Each Recording made will be subject to the Companys approval for manufacture and sale of industry standards. The artist agrees to re-record a record Exclusivity 6. The Artist will not re-record, remix, reproduce, manufacture or distribute or make available or allow to be made available in any manner any of the recordings or impositions generated under this agreement within 3 months after the termination of this agreement. Costs 7. The Company will pay for all the recording costs that are reasonable and generally accepted in the industry including, but not limited to, cost of producer, arranger, studio time, background musicians, as well as reasonable costs related to Album cover art, production and promotion.Selection Control 8. Selections in the agreement will be chosen in the Joint discretion of the Artist and Company. The Artist may submit material at all times. Copyright 9. The Company and parties authorized by the company will have the right to secure copyright in the Companys name as owner and author on any and all Master Recordings made under this Agreement and to renew such copyright in the Companys name in perpetuity.Distribution 10. The Company will have the exclusive rights to control over the distribution, promotion, and use of the Master Recordings throughout the Territory. Royalties 1 1 . The Company will endeavor to enter into a distribution agreement in order to commercially exploit the Recordings made under this agreement. The Company will collect the royalties and licensing fees with respect to the distribution of the recordings.

Interest-Free Banking and Islamic Banking in Nigeria free essay sample

Interest-free Banking and Islamic Banking in Nigeria By: Salim Salihu Muhammed Nigeria’s quest for a virile banking reform had led to the adoption of several policies and strategies that would truly give the nation’s economy an edge towards growth and sustainability. No doubt, the bail outs of â€Å"failed banks† and the acquisition of toxic assets from bad banks’ books did saved the economy and Nigerians to a large extent from such kind of economic blows suffered in the Scandinavian banking crises.Without minding words as a follow up to an earlier publication, Zero Interest Banking in Nigeria: Identifying a Sustainable Module, I still emphasis on the identification of an achievable element for an Interest-free Banking System as well as supporting it to its plausible fullest, rather than introducing religious sentiments or interest that could harm the Nigerian financial sector. Less I forget in a hurry, do the Nigeria’s economic policy fault finders understand what Interest-free Banking entails? It is true that the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) had emphasized on its readiness to establish or give licence to banks wishing to operate Interest-free Banking system (which is popularly known by many as Islamic Banking because of its tandem with Islamic jurisdictions and beliefs that prevent dealings in interest (Riba) or usury). We will write a custom essay sample on Interest-Free Banking and Islamic Banking in Nigeria or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is also true that the Apex Bank has the jurisdiction, as provided in its Act to allow such financial or banking practice; but what should not be seen as true is the perceivers’ believe that the CBN’s policy was meant to enforce Islam or Shari’ah on Nigerians or construed as a personal agenda of the Apex Bank’s Chief. For the avoidance of doubts, as it were with conventional commercial banks, Interest-free banking system has its inherent pros and cons which affects the Muslims and non-Muslims alike.A first glance of how Interest-free banking system operates could set a pace of reasonable understanding to its fault finders. The bank is operated by, and has Muslims and non-Muslims customers; its lending principle is based on the belief that the provider of capital and the user of capital should equally share the risk of business ventures. Translated into banking terms, the depositor, the bank and the borrower should all share the risks and the rewards of f inancing business ventures.However, Nigeria as well as any other country wishing to practice Interest-free banking system may design a module that fit its economy, so far that its applications does not go contrary to the Islamic jurisdictions of Riba or interest, the use of money and capital; and also, identify the key challenges facing the model such as the dearth of knowledge, skills and technical capacity to regulate, supervise, or operate non interest banks. Also, higher quality personnel with experience in project management and Islamic jurisprudence are required for financing and marketing activities.Interestingly, the flexible nature of Islamic finance provides enormous opportunities; it has positive and far-reaching impact for the Nigerian economy. The interest-free banking principle in Islam allows only one kind of loan and that is qard-el-hassan (literally good loan) whereby the lender does not charge any interest or additional amount over the money lent. In conventional terms, it means a bank will not change interest on loan or stipulate a certain amount to be paid back together with the loan given. What is more?The lender (the bank) also shares in the profits or losses arising out of the enterprise for which the money was lent. Islam encourages the economy of wealth redistribution; customers (Depositors) are thus encouraged to invest their money and to become partners in order to share profits and risks in the business instead o f becoming creditors. This is unlike the interest-based commercial banking system, where all the pressure is on the borrower: he must pay back his loan, with the agreed interest, regardless of the success or failure of his venture. The present day multi-rich Nigerians can hoard money, thereby limiting or eliminating the purchasing power of money. This practice have negatively marred the efforts at keeping inflation at bay, as this idle money are not utilized in economic events that could improve the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) over time. Under the Islamic Banking system, human effort, initiative, and risk involved in a productive venture are more important than the money used to finance it. Customers are encouraged to purchase and are discouraged from keeping money idle so that, for instance, hoarding money is regarded as being unacceptable.This purchasing power (money) cannot be used to make more purchasing power (money) without undergoing the intermediate step of it being used for the purchase of goods and services. Although the system encourages customer to purchase, it also prohibits or discourage investment in practices and products that are considered forbidden. The Apex Bank could make policies for the financial system and operators, as much as it is provided by enabling laws, the country’s Constitution, the Bank and Other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA) and other relevant financial laws. We must understand that the country’s Assembly need not pass a bill for the proposed banking system (Interest-free banking), which is a product of CBN, to take effect if the listed legal provisions and other careful indices are put in place to make the system meet the economic objective for which it is meant for. All that is needed is a careful and extensive capacity building through collaboration among various stakeholders to develop cognate expertise in non-interest banking, development of an adequate regulatory and supervisory framework for the effective operation of non-interest banking in Nigeria.As it stands, it is fair to say that Interest-free banking system and Islamic banking system refers to the same policy as they operates in line to the provisions and jurisdictions of the Islamic Shari’ah system; nevertheless, it does not connotes a means of enthroning control over the sovereignty of Nigeria but a mere banking policy aimed at salvaging the country’s financial system as seen to be practiced in the United Kingdom, America and parts of Europe. In many countries where series of financial crisis had led to the implementation of monetary and financial policies, the adoption of an Interest-free regime was considered.London is the leading Islamic banking centre in the West, HSBC, Lloyds TSB, and Citigroup have opened Islamic banking units and branches throughout England. Middle Eastern Islamic banks have also set up shop in the United Kingdom (UK). These banks also targeted non-Muslims with the message that their services are ethically superior to those of the West, pushing the idea that interest – and capitalism – is unethical and should be replaced in Europe by the Islamic financial model; patronage by non-Muslims have received a continuous increase in the UK. Wasn’t England the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution and creator of the common law, the most successful and equitable legal system in history? One thing I must emphasis here is, any bank, be it Islamic or conventional, risks running losses if it does not charge some form of interest; Islamic banks circumvent this danger by extending a type of Islamic â€Å"credit† that shifts risk to the borrower in a manner similar to interest. In the UK Islamic Banking model, the banks’ Shari’ah boards legitimate the charges by renaming them â€Å"commissions† or â€Å"profits. Some of us could be wondering why Islamic banks could remain profitable – or ideologically influential – if they complied with the Qur’anic injunction again interest. An Islamic bank is no different. It must partake in the money creation business. And it must therefore fix its financial rate of return at the outset in most of its business. Thats why Islamic bank ing cannot succeed in being Islamic, at least, not in the way that we understand the terms â€Å"banking† and â€Å"Islamic† today. Islamic finance is not a product to be offered to a niche market. It is a system. It must be promoted and implemented as a system as did the UK. Nigeria could buy from the West, especially with the United States’ strategy in understanding the system and how US Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Robert M. Kimmitt showed the world that the U. S. was interested in learning more about Islamic finance through holding an Islamic Finance 101 course in Washington to educate government officials on its ins and outs. Whatever the system that the Apex Bank deems fit to aid in strengthening the banking reforms, it is left for the customers and Nigerians to decide on which financial product to explore. As it stands today with Nigeria’s conventional banks increasing minimum cash balance in savings (deposit) accounts to N25,000. 00 and thereabout, the Islamic Banking could be a succour towards Sustaining Competition in Banking Reforms for a surviving economy whose average citizens earns far less than N18. 000. 00 per month. Salim Salihu Muhammed [emailprotected] com

A Comaprison Of Freud And Fromm Essays - Freudian Psychology

A Comaprison Of Freud And Fromm Essays - Freudian Psychology A Comaprison Of Freud And Fromm Sigmund Freud was born in Monrovia on May 6,1856. He entered the University of Vienna in 1873 at the age of 17. He finished his degree in 1881. Freud died in England in 1939. He was an active therapist, theorist and writer to the very end. ( Ewen 19-20) Erich Fromm was born four years after Freud in 1900 in Frankfurt, Germany. Unlike Freud, Fromm had no medical training in his background. He received his PHD from the University of Heidelberg and later studied at Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. Erich Fromm died March 16, 1980 in Switzerland. (Ewen 187) While Freud and Fromm were contemporaries and shared some basic beliefs, their approach to most issues varied greatly. Freuds attitude was purely scientific. Fromm desired to humanize things. Fromm accepted the importance of unconscious, biological drives, repression and defense mechanisms, but rejected Freuds theory of id, ego and superego. Fromm did not believe in specific developmental stages. He believed that the growing child slowly learns to distinguish between I and not I, through contact with the environment, notably those involving the parents.(Ewen 194) Fromm contends that personality development continues into adulthood. He believes that if a child keeps up with the increasing feelings of isolation, that anxiety can be kept to a minimal and personality development proceeds normally. Freuds well-known theory is that the personality is determined during the first five years of life. He believes we proceed through a series of psychosexual stages: oral, anal, urethral, phallic, a latency period and genital. Freud contends that the genital stage is the goal of normal development and that it represents true maturity. ( Hansen 25-26) Fromm warns against pathogenic behavior because it can damage the childs sense of reliance. He believed healthy personality is illustrated by biophilia, love, creativity and reason. ( Ewen 195-196) These characteristics compromise the productive frame of orientation. The nonproductive frames include narcissism, necrophilia, dependence, compulsive strivings for power or wealth and the mechanisms of escape. Fromm had four other nonproductive orientations that he devoted a great deal of attention to. These were receptive, exploitative, hoarding and marketing. Three of these orientations can be loosely compared to Freuds oral-dependent, oral-sadistic and anal character without the sexual implications. Freud and Fromm both believed that dreams are the royal road to the unconscious. ( Ewen 198) Fromm agreed with Freud that dreams could serve the purpose of wish fulfillment, that the days events set them off, and that a person may conceal truths in different ways. While both men believed in dream symbols, Freud believed most dreams involved childhood sexual impulses and Fromm regarded many symbols as asexual. Fromm believed that dreams could have obvious and undisguised meanings that did not have to involve childhood conflicts. To understand Fromms approach to clinical diagnosis, his theory of character must first be understood. His theory of character development was that humans are distinguished from other animals by a larger neocortex with fewer instincts. Character shapes human instinct. Human survival is not merely a matter of physical survival, humans are social animals who must relate to others, and they are spiritual animals who must infuse their lives with meaning in order to function. Humans require a sense of hope to keep from turning off. They also require caring adults in the early years to be teachers that teach them to control their fears and passions and live in harmony with others. Religion both sacred and secular can give meaning to life and give a sense of identity and rootness. Fromm accepted Freuds definition of mental health saying that it is the capacity for love and productive work. Fromm also agreed with Freud in saying that psychopathology represents a difference in degree, rather than in kind. Fromm states that besides pathogenic behaviors that neurosis is often caused by the culture in which one lives. He says that neurosis consists of a conflict between two opposing forces. Which is when our healthy innate drives toward self-realization and independence are blocked by parental or societal influences. Freud states that neurosis invariably begins in infancy and childhood, however it may not become evident until much later in life. Some causes of neurosis is a lack of physical affection, overindulgence or